我国基层协商民主制度化的困境及对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 00:07

本文关键词： 基层协商民主协商民主制度化　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：上个世纪80年代以来,由于社会结构日趋复杂,以多数原则和选举制为特征的代议制民主越来越受到人们的质疑与挑战。在这样的学术背景下,西方学者将古希腊民主理论与现实民主需求相结合,提出了协商民主理论。与代议制民主不同,协商民主理论最大的特征之一,就是体现民主生活中的多元与共识。协商民主主张在政治诉求多元化的前提下,通过协商、讨论的方式,体现不同阶层群体的利益,最终达成共识。协商民主理论的这些特质适应了现代民主的发展潮流,对我国民主政治建设具有重大的借鉴意义。在我国所有的民主形式中,由于基层民主建设所涉及的具体问题与群众的生产生活息息相关,因此,对于基层协商民主实践形式的积极探索便构成了我国民主实践的重要内容。无论是上个世纪90年代初产生的民主恳谈会制度,还是十八大之后出现的居民议事会、公民评议会等民主实践形式,都是我国基层协商民主建设的具体实践。随着我国改革进入到全面攻坚阶段,基层社会所面临的深层次矛盾也日益突出。基层协商民主不仅是群众维护自身合法利益的重要渠道,也是实现社会公平正义的有效方式。因此,在十八大正式提出要全面推进我国协商民主建设之后,党的十八届三中全会又将开展形式多样的基层协商民主作为我国民主政治建设的重要发展目标。作为政治发展基本构成要素和运行主体的制度,其规范、有序和结构化程度的高低直接影响了政治制度的社会认可度,同时也是评价政治制度适应能力的重要指标。因此,大力推进我国基层协商民主制度化建设,实现基层协商民主在动态化制度建设过程中的体制、机制创新就显得尤为重要。本文在对我国当前典型的基层协商民主实践形式简要梳理的基础上,通过分析比较各自特点,结合实际,总结概括出我国基层协商民主制度化的现实困境,并尝试提出相应优化之策。近年来,我国基层协商民主在理论与实践上取得了显著成绩,但由于相关制度供给不足,导致在基层协商民主实践过程中遇到了许多现实问题。比如:基层协商制度主体能力不足;制度的协调性、系统性不够;制度的执行性和保障性欠缺等。这些问题产生的原因是多方面的,但归根结底是由于缺乏完善的制度安排。首先,要进一步锻造基层协商民主主体,提升主体制度化能力。其次,要不断完善基层协商民主实现形式,拓宽参与渠道,加强基层协商民主立法工作。再次,要制定完善的基层协商程序运行机制。建立基层协商议题征集制度,规范基层协商民主运行程序。最后,要不断完善基层协商评价监督机制。建立基层协商过程监督机制、民主评议机制、信息反馈机制和奖励惩罚机制。实现我国基层协商民主的广泛多层制度化发展,离不开国家制定健全的法律制度。要努力防止基层协商民主的片面化与形式化,更好地满足人民群众日益增长的参政需要,促进我国社会主义协商民主事业的发展。
[Abstract]:In 80s of last century, because of the social structure is becoming increasingly complex, with the majority principle and characteristics of representative democracy election system for more and more people's doubts and challenges. In the academic background of western scholars, combining the theory and reality of democracy in ancient Greek democracy needs, put forward the theory of deliberative democracy. Unlike the representative democracy. The biggest feature of the theory of deliberative democracy, pluralism and consensus is the embodiment of democratic life. Deliberative democracy advocates in the political demands of diversification under the premise, through consultation, to discuss ways to reflect the interests of different class groups, reach a consensus. The theory of Deliberative Democracy these qualities to adapt to the development trend of modern democracy, great the significance of China's democratic political construction in our country. All forms of democracy, due to the specific problems and the masses involved in the construction of democracy at the grassroots level of production Life, therefore, to actively explore the grassroots deliberative democracy practice form constitutes the important content of the practice of China's democracy. It is the last century at the beginning of 90s the democratic consultation system, or eighteen after the resident Council, Council of citizens democratic practice form, is the specific practice of deliberative democracy construction China base. With China's reform and full access to a crucial stage, the deep-seated contradictions facing society has become increasingly prominent. Grassroots deliberative democracy is not only an important channel for people to safeguard their legitimate interests, but also social effective way of justice. Therefore, formally proposed in eighteen to comprehensively promote the construction of deliberative democracy in China after the party's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee will carry out various forms of grassroots deliberative democracy as an important development goal of China's democratic political construction as. The basic elements and operation of the main system, the development of political norms, orderly and structured degree directly affect the level of the political system, social recognition, and also an important target to evaluate the adaptability of the political system. Therefore, vigorously promote the construction of China's grassroots deliberative democracy, deliberative democracy at the grassroots level in the implementation of the dynamic process of the system construction in the system, the mechanism of innovation is particularly important. Based on our current typical grassroots deliberative democracy practice form on the analysis, through the analysis and comparison of their characteristics, combined with the actual, summarizes the realistic dilemma of China's grassroots deliberative democracy system, and try to put forward the corresponding optimization strategy. In recent years, grassroots deliberative democracy in China has made remarkable achievements in theory and practice, but because of the insufficient supply of relevant institutions, resulting in the process of grassroots deliberative democracy practice in To a lot of problems. For example: Grassroots deliberative system subject ability is insufficient; coordination system, system is not enough; the implementation of the system and the lack of security. The causes of these problems are many, but after all is due to the lack of perfect institutional arrangement. First of all, to further the forging of deliberative democracy at the grass-roots level subject. To enhance the ability of the subject system. Secondly, to constantly improve the realization form of deliberative democracy at the grassroots level, broaden the channels of participation, strengthen grassroots deliberative democracy legislation. Thirdly, to develop grassroots deliberative program operation mechanism. To establish grass-roots negotiation call system specification of deliberative democracy at the grass-roots level to run the program. Finally, to continuously improve the grassroots deliberative evaluation and supervision mechanism establish a supervision mechanism. The process of grassroots consultation, democratic appraisal mechanism, information feedback mechanism and reward punishment mechanism. The realization of China's grassroots deliberative democracy more widely The institutionalized development of the country is inseparable from the formulation of a sound legal system by the state. We must try to prevent the one-sided and deliberative democracy from being one-sided and formalized, so as to better meet the growing needs of people's participation in politics and promote the development of China's socialist consultative democracy.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D621

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