试析美国富布赖特中国问题听证会

发布时间：2018-03-01 11:44

本文关键词： 对华政策中国听证会遏制但不孤立转变　出处：《外交学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1959年至1966年,美国面临的国际和国内政治形势都发生了较大的改变。随着“麦卡锡主义”肆虐的逐渐消失,美国朝野上下要求改变对华政策的呼声日益高涨。中国的“援越抗美”使美国更强烈的感受到来自于共产党中国的威胁;中苏关系的破裂使美国实施了“联苏制华”的偏激行为;中法建交以及中国的核试爆圆满成功使美国受到了巨大冲击;接纳新中国进入联合国的国家数量与日俱增;美国自身囿于越南战争,国内反战舆论不断。在此种特殊的国际国内背景下,美国参议院外交委员会主席威廉·富布赖特于1966年初先后举行了越南问题听证会和中国问题听证会,希望政府能够理智的讨论美国外交政策。虽然中国问题听证会是越南听证会的“附属品”,但它对教育美国国会、公众、营造宽松的对华舆论氛围起到了重要作用,有助于美国各界重新认识、了解中国的历史、文化、和对外政策。同时也为美国从遏制、孤立中国转向“遏制但不孤立”的对华政策奠定了舆论和现实基础。这为后来推动中美关系的解冻所起到的作用,可以说是十分重要的。中国问题听证会的成功举行除了依靠当时的国际和国内政治背景外,还与富布赖特本人所具有的个人学识及魄力有关。
[Abstract]:From 1959 to 1966, the international and domestic political situation in the United States changed greatly. As the "McCarthyism" raged away, The calls from the government and the opposition of the United States for a change in its policy towards China are growing. China's "aid to Vietnam against the United States" makes the United States feel more strongly about the threat from the Communist Party of China; The rupture of Sino-Soviet relations made the United States carry out the extreme behavior of "United Soviet Union to make China"; the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France and the complete success of China's nuclear test made the United States suffer a great impact, and the number of countries that accepted the new China into the United Nations increased with each passing day. The United States itself is bound by the Vietnam War, and the domestic anti-war public opinion continues. In such a special international and domestic context, William Fulbright, chairman of the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee, held hearings on Vietnam and China on early 1966. I hope the government can discuss US foreign policy rationally. Although the China hearing is an "accessory" to the Vietnam hearing, it has played an important role in educating the US Congress, the public and creating a relaxed atmosphere of public opinion towards China. It is helpful for all sectors of the United States to re-understand and understand China's history, culture, and foreign policy. At the same time, it is also helpful to the United States in its efforts to contain, Isolating China from its policy of "containing but not isolating" has laid the foundation of public opinion and reality. This has played a role in promoting the thaw of Sino-US relations. It can be said that the successful holding of the hearing on China is related to Fulbright's personal knowledge and courage in addition to the international and domestic political background at that time.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D822.371.2

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