中南亚国家安全观与安全合作机制

发布时间：2018-03-02 22:17

本文选题：中南亚　切入点：安全观　出处：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“中南亚”作为学术概念已得到越来越多的认可,关于中南亚的研究成果也日渐增多,但对中南亚国家安全观、中南亚地区安全合作机制及两者间关系仍缺乏系统的梳理。伴随着中亚与南亚间政治、经济特别是安全联系越趋紧密,中南亚在地缘政治与地缘安全上的意义也越发重要。从安全观角度来看,在传统安全方面,受制于各国实力大小、历史关系、地缘位置、外部势力介入、现实关切、互动进程的影响,各国对彼此间关系和安全认知的区域性差异较大。具体而言,尽管水资源分配、族际冲突、边界争端等问题容易引起中亚国家间关系的紧张,但中亚各国在长期互动中能够保持彼此关系的基本稳定。因此,中亚国家视彼此为竞争伙伴而不是威胁的来源。而独立后对各自国家身份和主权的重视,使得中亚国家十分警惕外部大国的干预;印度与巴基斯坦存在典型的安全困境,两国长期将彼此互构为安全威胁;基于阿富汗失败国家的特征,阿富汗国内安全问题的解决成为重中之重,而处理外部安全与外交问题(如普什图尼斯坦问题)并不在优先选择之列;因此,中南亚各国的传统安全观构建了三个不同层级的认知结构,即中亚国家间的竞争对手、印巴之间的议题安全化以及阿富汗国内安全问题的优先议程。在非传统安全领域,受到共同的跨界性非传统安全因素的影响,如恐怖主义、民族分裂主义、宗教极端主义、毒品走私、难民问题、跨国犯罪、生态危机等,中南亚各国的安全观较为接近,对日益严重的非传统安全问题形成较为普遍的共识。但对一些议题如各国对塔利班的态度、对一些恐怖组织的认定也存在较大差异。中南亚国家安全观的形成与变迁受到国内因素、地区权力结构、制度进程和规范传播等因素的作用,并显著影响了各国对安全机制的选择。各国对安全机制的选择与创建主要体现在两个问题领域:一、中亚国家为了处理内部关系、外部势力干预和平衡大国间关系而选择参与多个安全合作机制;二、阿富汗国内危机是中南亚非传统安全问题产生、扩散和加剧的核心要素,围绕这一问题的解决也产生了多个安全合作机制。总体来看,在传统安全层面,由于外部大国势力的介入,中南亚地区的安全合作机制呈现机制拥挤和机制重叠的特征;相反,在非传统安全领域,建立国际机制的大国推动力并不强劲,中南亚地区的安全合作机制呈现机制松散与机制落后的特征。这使得安全合作机制之间的竞争越趋激烈,而各国也试图寻求加入较为成熟的地区安全机制。作为当前覆盖中南亚地区大部分国家的上海合作组织,应充分考虑和尊重各国的安全关切,继续发扬“上海精神”,着重解决地区具体的、突出的非传统安全问题,从而最有效地发挥上合组织的效力以及推动地区秩序发展。
[Abstract]:"South Asia" as an academic concept has been more and more recognized research results about in South Asia is also increasing, but in the South Asian concept of national security, South Asia security cooperation mechanism and the relationship between them is still a lack of systematic. With the central and South Asia between political, economic security is increasingly linked close, meaning in South Asia the geopolitical and geo security is also more and more important. From the security point of view, in the field of traditional security, countries subject to the size of strength, historical relationship, geographic location, the intervention of external forces, the real concern, the interaction process of the regional differences on the relationship between cognition and safety more specifically, although the distribution of water resources, ethnic conflicts, border disputes and other problems caused by tensions between Central Asian countries, but can keep the relationship in the long-term interaction in Central Asian countries Stable. Therefore, the Central Asian countries as the source of each other and not a threat to competition partner. And after independence on their national identity and sovereignty attention, making the Central Asian countries are wary of external power intervention; India and Pakistan are typical of the long-term bilateral security dilemma, each other mutual construction as a threat to security; Afghanistan failed state characteristics based on the settlement of the Afghan national security issues become a priority among priorities, and external security and diplomatic issues (such as Pushtunistan problem) is not in the priority list; therefore, in South Asian countries the traditional security concept constructed three different levels of cognitive structure, namely, Central Asian countries among competitors, priority the security issue between India and Pakistan and Afghanistan. The security problem in non-traditional security areas, subject to cross-border common non-traditional security factors, such as terrorist Nationalism, ethnic separatism, religious extremism, drug trafficking, refugees, transnational crime, ecological crisis, security concept in the South Asian countries are close to form a general consensus on the increasingly serious problem of non-traditional security. But some of the topics such as the attitudes of the countries of Taliban, identification of a number of terrorist organizations are great the difference in South Asian countries. The formation of the concept of safety and change by domestic factors, the regional power structure, system process and standard communication factors, and has significant influence on national security mechanism. With the creation of national safety mechanism of selection is mainly reflected in the field of two issues: first, the Central Asian countries to deal with the internal relations and the intervention of external forces and balance the relations between big powers and choose to participate in multiple security cooperation mechanism; two, the Afghan domestic crisis in South Asia is non traditional security issues, expanding Dispersion and increasing core elements, solve around this problem also has multiple security cooperation mechanism. Overall, the traditional security level, due to the external powers of intervention, the characteristics of security cooperation mechanism in the South Asian region has overlapping mechanism and congestion mechanism; instead, in non-traditional security areas, the establishment of an international the mechanism of the big driving force is not strong, the security cooperation mechanism in South Asia is characterized and the mechanism behind the loose mechanism. This makes the security cooperation mechanism between the increasingly competitive, and the world is also trying to seek to join the more mature. As a regional security mechanism in most countries currently covers in South Asia and Shanghai cooperation organization should be fully. Consider and respect the security concerns, continue to carry forward the Shanghai spirit, focus on solving specific areas, outstanding non traditional security issues, so as to effectively play The effectiveness of the SCO and the development of regional order.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.5

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