石家庄市“老漂族”养老问题调查研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 22:26

本文选题：“老漂族”　切入点：养老问题　出处：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来中国出现了大规模的人口流动,随着城镇化与工业化的加速推进,产生了“北漂”、“沪漂”、“广漂”等一系列特殊现象,学术界和社会公众已经对以上群体给予了高度的重视与关注。当下,中国人口老龄化速度的逐步加快,使得老年人口在总人口中所占的比例越来越大,“漂”一族中除了年轻的“漂一代”以外,又多了一些被称为“老漂族”的老年人。他们跟随着在外打拼事业的子女漂泊晚年,这一特殊的老年群体涌现在全国的各个城市并且不断地发展壮大。他们为了照顾新生的婴儿,起早贪黑;他们为了接送孙子女上学,往返奔波;他们准备好饭菜,等待儿女回家……本该含饴弄孙、安享晚年的他们,远离故土,在陌生城市的洪流中操劳、挣扎、生存着。子女、孙辈的衣食住行已然成为了他们生活的重心,在无私奉献的同时面临着身体健康、心理压力、家庭关系、社会融入、权益保障等诸多方面的问题,漂泊的老年生活并不幸福。通过对第六次人口普查数据的查阅与整理可以发现,截止至2010年底河北省的常住人口达到7185.4万人,其中,流动人口的数量为829.7万,60岁及其以上的流动老年人口占流动总人口的7.76%,约为64.4万人左右,作为河北省的省会城市石家庄,流动人口的总数暂列省内第一,为154.2万人左右。《中国人口老龄化发展趋势预测报告》一文中提出,我国2001年至2020年这二十年为快速老龄化阶段,为了应对老年人口规模的持续增长,石家庄市先后出台了一些养老政策:保障性住房的优先安排、高龄津贴、养老服务补贴、失能护理补贴等政策为老年人的基本生存提供保障,养老保险制度强有力地支撑着老年人的日常生活,医疗保险制度满足了他们的的基本医疗需要,但是由于户籍制度的制约,“老漂族”们并没有和当地户籍老人一样成为这些惠民政策的受益者,在待遇享受方面也存在着一定的差距。与此同时,远离家乡他们,也被家乡的保障服务排除在外,成为了两不沾边的尴尬人群,老年生活难以得到可靠保障,在默默奉献的同时成为了最被忽视的群体。因此,如何解决“老漂族”面临的养老问题,提高其养老生活质量是一个亟待解决的问题。本文的研究对象是石家庄市的“老漂族”们,调查的主要内容是他们在异地的养老生活现状。在马斯洛的需求层次理论基础上,对石家庄市“老漂族”在养老中的主要需求进行分析,在“推—拉”理论的指导下,分析了这一群体“漂”的主要原因,具有一定的理论意义。通过采用调查问卷与个案访谈相结合的方法,梳理了石家庄市“老漂族”的基本情况,并对其日常生活、社会支持和社会保障情况进行了描述性分析,在数据基础上总结出石家庄“老漂族”具有的特征。并从身体状况、精神状态、经济状况、社会支持、社会保障这五个方面,揭示了这一群体存在的养老问题,在此基础上,从微观和宏观两个层面出发,以社会支持理论为依据,试图设计出具有现实意义的对策方案,以解决“老漂族”们的养老问题。在人口老龄化日益严重的今天,“老漂族”们响应积极老龄化政策的号召,为家庭和社会做出巨大贡献,老有所为,实现了自我和社会价值。因此,切实解决这一弱势群体的养老问题,构建一个由国家主导、社会协助、家庭和个人支撑的养老保障体系,是建设社会主义和谐社会的一项重要举措。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up Chinese appeared massive population movements, with the accelerating of urbanization and industrialization, resulting in a "drift," Shanghai drift "," drift "and a series of special phenomenon, academic circles and the public have given high attention and concern on the above groups. At present, the aging population of Chinese the speed gradually accelerated, the elderly population in the total population in an increasing proportion of" drift "group in addition to the" floating young generation ", and some are called" old drift group elderly. They followed in career children wandering the old age a special group of elderly emerged in each city in the country and continue to grow. In order to take care of their babies, their grandchildren to pick out; go to school, travel back and forth; they prepare meals, waiting for the children to go home. The love, enjoy them, far away from the homeland, in a strange city in the torrent of toil, struggling to survive. Their children, grandchildren of the basic necessities of life has become the focus of their lives, and selfless dedication facing health, psychological pressure, family relationships, social integration, and many other aspects of the protection of rights and interests the elderly, wandering life is not happy. According to the sixth census data access and finishing, closing to the end of 2010, the resident population of Hebei province reached 71 million 854 thousand people, among them, the number of floating population was 8 million 297 thousand, 60 years old and above the flow of the elderly population accounts for 7.76% of the total population flow, was about 644 thousand as the capital city of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang Province, the total number of floating population are the first report in an article, > for the development trend of the aging population of about 1 million 542 thousand people. Chinese forecast, I In 2001 to 2020 this twenty years for the rapid aging stage, in order to cope with the growing scale of the elderly population, the city of Shijiazhuang has introduced a number of pension policy: security priorities, housing allowance, pension service subsidies, disability care subsidies to provide protection for the basic living of the elderly, pension insurance system strong to support the daily life of the elderly, the medical insurance system to meet their basic medical needs, but due to the constraints of the household registration system, old drift group and the local elderly household did not become the Huimin policy beneficiaries, in enjoy treatment, there is a certain gap. At the same time, they are far from home also, the home security service was excluded, two became detached awkwardness crowd, elderly life is difficult to get reliable protection, at the same time to silently To the most neglected. Therefore, how to solve the pension problems of old drift group, improve the nursing quality of life is a problem to be solved. The research object of this paper is Shijiazhuang city's old drift group ", the main content of the survey is that they live in different places. The status of the aged in demand based on Maslow's hierarchy theory, the main demand of Shijiazhuang city old drift group in the endowment in the analysis, in the" push and pull "under the guidance of the theory, analyzes the main reasons for this group of" drift ", has a certain theoretical significance. Using the method of questionnaire survey and case interviews collected by the combination of the basic situation of Shijiazhuang City, combing the old drift group", and the daily life, social support and social security was analyzed, summed up the characteristics of Shijiazhuang old drift group is based on data from. Physical condition, mental status, economic status, social support, social security five aspects, reveals the problems existing in the old-age group, on the basis of this, starting from the two micro and macro level, social support theory, tries to design a scheme of practical significance, to solve the "pension the problems are old drift group. The aging of the population in today's increasingly serious, old drift group were in response to active aging policy call, make a great contribution for the family and the society, China, has realized the self and social value. Therefore, to solve the pension problems of this vulnerable groups, build a the leading countries, social assistance, family support and personal pension system is an important measure for the construction of the socialist harmonious society.

【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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