黎巴嫩政治发展研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 09:28

  本文选题：黎巴嫩　切入点：政治发展　出处：《西北大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黎巴嫩,作为中东地区肥沃新月地带的一个小国,却吸引着西方和中东地区大国的关注；它又是一个“小而俱全”的国家,国内孕育着基督教文明与伊斯兰文明共存的历史,又是一个世俗与宗教并存的国度,具有传统的本土特色的政治与现代的西方民主政治相结合的特点。因此,黎巴嫩国家的政治发展问题牵动着中东地区和西方国家的神经,这是一个十分紧迫的理论和现实问题。事实上,大多数第三世界国家包括中东地区国家,一直探索着如何实现国家和社会的可持续发展。但都呈现出政治不发展或政治欠发展的景象：诸如政治腐败、政治动荡,行政不力,政治独裁,政治生活中人们参与政治的两级分化,内部动乱,民主待建。黎巴嫩也属于发展中国家行列,国内政治也或多或少地存在着这些现象。黎巴嫩是一个教派社团普遍存在,民族和宗教构成复杂,外部干预频繁的国家,对于其政治发展的研究,有助于理解中东地区国家政治发展的一些共性,比如家族政治的传统、宗教与政治之间的密切结合,政治发展的环境深受地区局势的影响。与此同时,可以深入地探讨黎巴嫩政治发展中的独特性,如协合民主的发展符合黎巴嫩多宗教共存的现状,也是一种解决多元社会分裂的重要民主政治理论与实践。本文以黎巴嫩历史发展脉络为基础,从影响和制约黎巴嫩政治发展的内部条件和外部环境入手,并结合黎巴嫩国家的政治实践,阐释黎巴嫩国家政治发展中存在的诸多问题。本文共6部分,导论探讨了研究黎巴嫩政治发展的出发点和现实意义。结论部分阐释黎巴嫩政治发展的特点,以期对中东地区国家政治提供借鉴。正文由四章构成,主要论述了黎巴嫩政治发展中的几个问题：家族政治、教派政治、协合民主和外部干预。第一章探讨了黎巴嫩家族政治发展的历史与现状。家族是黎巴嫩国家和社会发展的重要组成部分,表现在政治上就是世系政治或政治王朝的复兴与更迭。因此,第一章论述了黎巴嫩家族的起源与地位,黎巴嫩的权力家族,黎巴嫩家族政治的内涵与特点,以及影响黎巴嫩家族政治的因素分析。第二章论述了教派主义对黎巴嫩政治发展的影响,探讨了黎巴嫩教派政治发展的历史与现状。本章得出的结论是：教派政治是黎巴嫩独特的政治发展形态,是一种本土的政治文化孕育的政治现象。黎巴嫩教派政治体制本身具有很高的理论价值,它塑造了一种分权的政治传统。在实践中,它需要在历史长河中维持教派权力或力量的平衡,才能保证黎巴嫩政治发展的稳定。第三章探讨了黎巴嫩独具特色的协合民主对政治发展的影响,以及协合民主塑造了黎巴嫩是中东地区较为鲜明的民主国家。协合民主是黎巴嫩政治发展的一个鲜明特色,其中既有联合又有竞争,而且还体现了黎巴嫩社会的多样化与政治的多元化。第四章主要探讨了黎巴嫩的地域政治特征,从历史、文化、宗教和意识形态等角度,阐述了中东地区大国和西方大国对黎巴嫩的博弈,以及对黎巴嫩政治产生的影响。总之,本文从黎巴嫩政治发展中存在的固有性问题着手,以此解析黎巴嫩国家与社会发展中的一些重大问题。
[Abstract]:Lebanon, Middle East as a small fertile crescent, it has attracted the attention of western country and the Middle East; it is also a "small and complete" countries, domestic breeds of Christian and Islamic civilizations coexist in history, is a secular and religious country, with its traditional home the characteristics of Western democracy politics and modern combination of characteristics. Therefore, the political development of the Lebanese state affects the Middle East and the west of the nerve, it is a very urgent problem of theory and reality. In fact, most of the third world countries including the Middle East countries, has been exploring how to realize the sustainable development of the country and society. They have no political development or political underdevelopment scene such as political corruption, political instability, lack of administrative, political dictatorship, political life of the people Political participation of the two levels of differentiation, internal unrest, democracy building. Lebanon also belong to the ranks of developing countries, domestic politics are also more or less the existence of these phenomena. Lebanon is a widespread sectarian community, ethnic and religious complex, external intervention frequent countries, research on its political development, contribute to the understanding of some common countries the political development in the Middle East, such as the family political tradition, close combination between religion and politics, affecting the development of political environment by the situation in the region. At the same time, to deeply discuss the uniqueness of the Lebanese political development, such as the development of Consociational democracy with the situation in Lebanon and multi religious coexistence, is also a solution of pluralistic society split an important democratic political theory and practice. This paper is based on the development history of Lebanon, the Lebanese political development from the influence and restriction of The internal conditions and external environment, combined with the political practice of the Lebanese state, there are many problems in the development of the political interpretation of the Lebanese state. This paper consists of 6 parts. The introduction discusses the starting point of the Lebanese political development and practical significance. The conclusion part interprets the Lebanese political development characteristics, in order to provide reference for the Middle East political state. The text consists of four chapters, mainly discusses several problems in the development of the Lebanese political family: political, sectarian politics, Consociational democracy and external intervention. The first chapter discusses the history and status quo of Lebanese family political development. The family is an important part of the Lebanese state and social development, in politics is politics or lineage the political Renaissance and change. Therefore, the first chapter discusses the origin and status of the Lebanese family, Lebanon power family, Lebanese political family The connotation and characteristics, analysis and influence factors of Lebanese family politics. The second chapter discusses the influence of the Lebanese sectarian political development, explores the history and status quo of Lebanese sectarian political development. This chapter draws the conclusion: sectarian politics is Lebanon's unique political development form, is a political phenomenon in local politics culture. Lebanese sectarian political system itself has a high theoretical value, it created a decentralized political tradition. In practice, it needs to maintain the balance of power or sectarian power in history, in order to ensure the stability of the Lebanese political development. The third chapter discusses the influence of the Lebanese unique Consociational democracy on the political development, as well as Consociational democracy created Lebanon is more distinctive democracy in the Middle East. Consociational democracy is a distinctive political development in Lebanon The characteristics, including both joint and competition, but also reflects the diversification of Lebanese society and political pluralism. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the characteristics of regional political, Lebanon from history, culture, religion and ideology perspective, describes the game of Lebanon's great power in the Middle East and West Fang Daguo, and the influence on the Lebanese political in short, this paper from the existing problems inherent to the Lebanese political development, some of the major problems in the development of the Lebanese state and society in order to resolve.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D737.8
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本文编号：1633666