中国生育率下降的制度经济学分析——来自养老社会化的解释

发布时间：2018-03-21 02:40

本文选题：低生育率　切入点：公共品　出处：《西南民族大学学报(人文社科版)》2016年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：随着城镇化和人口迁移,社会养老体制逐渐完善和统一,生育与养老的内部关系却被忽略,即如今孩子的生育供给与抚养成本由家庭承担,但人口生产的养老收益及外部性却被社会分享,引致多生孩子的家庭赔本。抚养孩子的私人成本和私人收益不对称成为生育率不断下降的重要原因,这是如今生育供给"公共品"的本质属性所决定的。本文从制度经济学角度,分析了生育率下降的困境成因,并提供了解决该困境的参照视野:其一,使家庭抚养孩子的私人成本社会化,即父母对孩子的生育、抚育和教育投入应逐渐转变为一种由政府提供支持的公共服务;其二,使抚养孩子的社会收益部分内部化,即养老社会化的同时,继续提倡和鼓励传统的家庭个体分散化养老。
[Abstract]:With urbanization and population migration, the social pension system is gradually improved and unified, but the internal relationship between fertility and old-age care is ignored. However, the pension benefits and externalities of population production are shared by society, resulting in the loss of money for families with more children. The asymmetry between the private costs and private benefits of raising children has become an important reason for the declining fertility rate. This is determined by the nature of "public goods" in fertility supply today. From the perspective of institutional economics, this paper analyzes the causes of the plight of fertility decline, and provides a reference to solve this dilemma: first, Socialization of the private costs of raising children in the family, that is, parents' investment in childbearing, upbringing and education should gradually be transformed into a public service supported by the Government, and secondly, the partial internalization of the social benefits of child-rearing, That is, the socialization of the aged, continue to promote and encourage the traditional family individual decentralized pension.
【作者单位】：南开大学滨海开发研究院;南开大学经济学院;
【分类号】：C924.2;D669.6

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