美国大众民族主义的多样性

发布时间：2018-03-29 08:18

本文选题：民族主义　切入点：国家认同　出处：《国外理论动态》2017年03期

【摘要】：美国社会学家极少关注民族主义对于政治和群际关系的重要性。研究美国的历史学家和政治心理学家也仅将注意力限于族群文化民族主义、公民民族主义、爱国主义、国家自豪感等民族主义情感的具体形式。本文的创新首先体现在数据来源方面,文章分析了2004年美国综合社会调查的相关数据,通过对国家认同、国家成员标准、国家自豪感和国家优越感等四个方面的分析,得出了美国人对民族主义的自我认知。其次,本文按照样本人群所持的不同意见对数据进行分类,使用潜在类别分析法找出各组别的差异。以往对族群民族主义和公民民族主义的分析仅仅局限于半数美国人,并未对缺乏国家自豪感且对国家含义有特定理解的人群进行研究。本文通过分析指出,部分年轻且受过优质教育的美国人缺乏强烈的爱国意识,更多年长且受教育程度低的美国人对民族主义的理解不尽相同。特别是,结合社会人口学特征和党派立场两项变量的影响可以发现,不同类型的受访者对少数民族、移民和国家主权有着截然不同的态度。最后,本文通过对比1996年和2012年的有关数据发现,在以恐怖袭击、战争、经济危机和政治争端为显著标志的时期,民族情感的结构存在连续性,分布存在变异性。
[Abstract]:American sociologists pay little attention to the importance of nationalism to politics and inter-group relations. Historians and political psychologists who study the United States also limit their attention to ethnic cultural nationalism, civic nationalism, patriotism, National pride and other specific forms of nationalistic feelings. The innovation of this paper is first reflected in the source of data. The article analyzes the relevant data from the 2004 Comprehensive Social Survey of the United States, through the national identity, national membership standards, Four aspects of national pride and national superiority are analyzed, and Americans' self-perception of nationalism is obtained. Secondly, this paper classifies the data according to the different opinions of the sample population. Use the potential category analysis method to find out the differences between groups. In the past, the analysis of ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism was limited to only half of Americans. No research has been conducted on people who lack national pride and have a specific understanding of the meaning of the country. This article points out that some young and well-educated Americans lack a strong sense of patriotism. More older and less educated Americans have different interpretations of nationalism. In particular, the combination of socio demographic characteristics and partisan positions shows that different types of interviewees have different views on ethnic minorities. Immigration and national sovereignty have very different attitudes. Finally, by comparing data from 1996 to 2012, we find that in a period marked by terrorist attacks, wars, economic crises and political disputes, There is continuity in the structure of national emotion and variability in distribution.
【作者单位】：美国哈佛大学社会学系;美国纽约大学社会学院;南开大学历史学院;
【分类号】：D771.2

【相似文献】