失独家庭养老困境与应对策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 20:18

本文选题：失独家庭　切入点：养老需求　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：八十年代初中共中央就开始提倡“一对夫妇只生育一个孩子”的计划生育政策。多年以来,计划生育政策成功地发挥了限制人口数量、缓解经济社会压力的作用,但与此同时,也产生了数量庞大的独生子女家庭。独生子女往往在家庭中处于独一无二的地位,扮演着重要角色,同时,他们还需要承担巨大的养老责任。然而,当独生子女失去宝贵的生命时,他们的父母就将承受巨大的经济压力和严重的心理创伤。2015年十八届五中全会上提出了“全面二孩”政策,这意味着在我国执行了三十多年的“一孩化”生育政策退出了历史舞台。“全面二孩”政策的推行无疑对我国的人口老龄化起到缓解作用,并对提高家庭的抗风险能力以及应对独生子女问题起到积极作用,但我们并不能忽视现有的上百万的失独家庭以及由之前的生育政策所导致的未来可能性失独问题。据统计,我国目前的失独家庭规模已超过一百万,针对如此庞大的失独群体,我们不禁要为他们未来的生活、心理和养老问题而担忧,为国家如何来解决这一社会问题而充满疑虑。本文主要通过对我国失独家庭养老的现状及问题进行问卷调查,分析了我国失独家庭在现阶段面临的养老现状,发现失独家庭养老所存在的主要问题,并对产生问题的成因进行分析,最终提出解决失独家庭养老问题的对策与建议。文章共分为五个部分,第一部分介绍失独家庭养老问题的相关概念及基本理论。本部分失独家庭、养老保障等主要概念进行了界定,并对基本人权理论、马斯洛需求层次理论及福利多元主义相关理论进行阐述;第二部分主要通过问卷调查的方法介绍了我国失独家庭在养老方面的现状,同时找出了我国失独家庭在养老方面存在的主要问题;第三部分主要是针对我国失独家庭的养老问题进行了具体的原因分析,包括缺乏对失独家庭的政策倾斜、社会养老的参与度不够、失独家庭自身养老功能的弱化;第四部分对我国部分城市解决失独家庭养老问题的做法进行了简单介绍,并从中提出宝贵的经验;第五部分主要依据对上述内容的分析总结,从国家、社会、社区以及家庭四个层次、主体入手,提出应对我国失独家庭养老困境的具体建议与策略,包括政府的政策支持、社会的关爱、社区体系的建设及失独者自身提高自救互助的能力。随着我国老龄化程度的深入,失独家庭的问题也变的更加严峻,如何找到行之有效的方法帮助失独家庭走出养老困境,对于改善人民生活、稳定社会以及和谐社会的构建都具有十分重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In the early 1980 s, the CPC Central Committee began to promote the one-child-only-one-child policy for a couple.Over the years, the family planning policy has succeeded in limiting the population and relieving economic and social pressure, but at the same time, it has also produced a large number of one-child families.Only children often play a unique role in the family, and they also need to shoulder enormous responsibilities for the aged.However, when only children lose their precious lives, their parents will suffer tremendous economic pressure and severe psychological trauma. The "comprehensive two-child" policy was proposed at the Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2015.This means that the "one-child" fertility policy, which has been implemented in our country for more than 30 years, has withdrawn from the stage of history.The implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy has undoubtedly played a role in alleviating the aging of the population in China, and has played a positive role in improving the family's ability to resist risks and in dealing with the problem of the only child.But we can't lose sight of the millions of families that have lost their independence and the possibility of losing their independence in the future as a result of previous fertility policies.According to statistics, at present, the scale of families without independence in China has exceeded 1 million. In view of such a large group of unemployed people, we cannot help worrying about their future life, psychology and old-age problems.There are doubts about how the country will solve this social problem.This article mainly through the present situation and the question carries on the questionnaire investigation to our country lost the independence family to support the old, analyzed our country lost the independence family to face in the present stage pension present situation, discovered the family without the independence the pension existence the main question.The causes of the problem are analyzed, and the countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem are put forward.This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the concept and basic theory of the problem of the elderly.This part defines the main concepts, such as the family without independence, the old-age security and so on, and expounds the basic human rights theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and the related theories of welfare pluralism.The second part mainly introduces the present situation of the unemployed families in the old-age care through the method of questionnaire, and finds out the main problems existing in the old-age care of the families without independence in our country at the same time.The third part mainly analyzes the causes of the pension problems of the families without independence in our country, including the lack of the policy tilt to the families without independence, the insufficient participation of the social old-age, the weakening of the function of the families without independence.The fourth part gives a brief introduction to some cities of our country, and puts forward valuable experience. The fifth part is mainly based on the analysis of the above content, from the country, society,Starting with four levels of community and family, the author puts forward some specific suggestions and strategies to deal with the plight of the unemployed family, including government policy support, social care and care.The construction of community system and the self-improvement of self-help and mutual aid.With the deepening of aging in our country, the problem of families without independence has become more serious. How to find effective ways to help families who have lost their independence out of the plight of the aged, to improve people's lives,The construction of stable society and harmonious society has very important practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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