全国人大主席团制度探析

发布时间：2018-04-04 15:39

本文选题：民主集中制　切入点：全国人民代表大大会　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：人民代表大会制度作为我国根本政治制度,是人民当家做主的重要制度保障,以其代表的广泛性及选举的真实性成为人民民主的重要实现形式。人民代表大会作为宪法规定的国家权力机关,是这一制度的运行载体及最终实现形式。人民代表大会的运作效能直接彰显这一制度的优越性程度。而人民代表大会的组织结构以及内外部的权力关系能够直接影响人大制度的运作效能,因此学界对党与人大的关系、人大与“一府两院”的关系、人大内部制度的监督和完善等方面进行了广泛深入的研究。作为国家最高权力机关的全国人民代表大会,是民意民智的最高集中体现。但是在对整个人大制度进行深入研究的同时,学界对全国人大的会议指导机构—全国人大主席团的研究却一直处于边缘地位,全国人大主席团并未获得与其职权相当的重视。事实上全国人大主席团除了主持人大会议以外,还享有对国家领导人名单的提名权、会议议题的审议权和质询权等实质性的权力。厘清全国人大主席团的运作原理、方式和内容,对完善人大制度、推进民主政治建设都大有裨益。因此,本文将试图对此作出努力,对全国人大主席团进行比较完整的介绍：会议主席团制度并不是中国的首创,其实也是“舶来品”——它是苏俄在具备了民主集中制的理论基础后,在该理论的指导下率先确立的党和议会的主席团制度,孙中山在国民党“一大”上最先引用了主席团的设置,而后中国共产党“四大”也开始设置主席团,最后由中国人民政治协会议第一届全体会议确立了会议的主席团制度；在明晰主席团制度的由来之后,处在中国的政治生态中的全国人大主席团经过多年的实践,其产生、构成、职权以及制度安排上的政治意义都打上了中国特色的烙印,对于其运行中存在的“选举”与“通过”概念混淆而产生的合法性问题、国家领导人的提名权问题以及在党的领导下运作空间的问题进行了初步的讨论。
[Abstract]:As the fundamental political system of our country, the people's Congress system is an important system guarantee for the people to be the master of their own country. With its extensive representation and the authenticity of the election, the people's Congress system becomes an important form of realizing people's democracy.As a constitutional organ of state power, the people's Congress is the carrier and ultimate realization of this system.The operating efficiency of the people's Congress directly demonstrates the superiority of this system.The organizational structure of the people's Congress and the internal and external power relations can directly affect the efficiency of the operation of the people's Congress system. Therefore, the academic circles have a direct impact on the relationship between the Party and the people's Congress, the relationship between the people's Congress and the "one government, two houses".The supervision and perfection of the internal system of the National people's Congress (NPC) have been extensively and deeply studied.As the highest organ of state power, the National people's Congress is the highest concentrated embodiment of the people's wisdom.But at the same time, the academic circles have been on the edge of the study of the NPC Presidium, and the NPC Presidium has not been paid much attention to with its functions and powers.As a matter of fact, the NPC Presidium also enjoys substantive powers such as nominating the list of state leaders, deliberating on the topics of the meeting, and asking questions, in addition to the presiding officers' meeting.Clarifying the principles, methods and contents of the NPC Presidium is of great benefit to the improvement of the NPC system and the promotion of democratic political construction.Therefore, this paper will try to make efforts to make a more complete introduction to the NPC Presidium: the Presidium system of the NPC is not the first of its kind in China.In fact, it is also an "imported product"-it is the presidium system of the party and parliament that was first established by Soviet Russia under the guidance of the democratic centralism theory.Sun Zhongshan first cited the presidium at the "first Congress" of the Kuomintang, then the CPC's "fourth Congress" also began to set up a presidium, and at last, the first plenary session of the Chinese people's political Association Conference established the presidium system of the Congress.After clarifying the origin of the presidium system, the NPC Presidium, in China's political ecology, after many years of practice, its emergence, composition, functions and powers, as well as the political significance of the system arrangement, have all been branded with Chinese characteristics.The legitimacy of the concept of "election" and "adoption", the nominating power of the national leaders and the operation space under the leadership of the Party are discussed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D622

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