冷战后波罗的海三国认同问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 12:15

本文选题：波罗的海三国 + 主权国家认同　；参考：《上海国际问题研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代初,伴随着东欧剧变苏联解体,波罗的海三国重新获得国家的独立。文章以冷战结束二十多年来波罗的海三国的认同问题为研究对象,分析三国认同的现状、不同认同的关系、认同形成的原因以及相关的影响启示。文章的基本逻辑关系是,规范环境影响了国家的认同,国家的认同影响了国家的利益观念和政策,国家的政策塑造了新的规范环境。冷战结束后波罗的海三国逐步形成了多重的认同,即围绕制度建设、历史文化和语言族群以及国防外交而形成的主权国家认同,因历史遗留问题和敏感现实问题而逐步消失的苏联认同,接受援助与约束又经历风险和挑战而建构的欧盟认同,因历史上亲近和现实中依靠而形成的北约认同。三国的多重认同之间呈现出冲突与共存的关系,其中主认同仍然是独立的主权国家认同。探究发现,波罗的海三国多重认同形成的动因在于国家和体系层面的规范环境。国家层面的规范环境体现在以民族特性、文化传统和集体记忆为代表的历史文化因素,以政治结构、政治文化和国内社会进程为代表的国家制度和国家——社会关系,以及同俄罗斯和西方的跨国关系三个层面。体系层面的规范环境则包括主权、地区化和全球化等世界政治观念,波罗的海国家理事会、跨大西洋安全共同体等国际制度机制,以及在安全和能源上的国家间互动三个方面。进一步分析表明,波罗的海三国的认同对三国外交、大国关系和地区形势、以及后苏联和欧盟的规范环境产生了现实的影响,其中对后苏联规范的影响体现在民族政策和转型发展方面,对欧盟规范的影响体现在一体化进程和解决认同危机方面。与此同时,波海三国的认同也对建构主义国际关系理论的反思和中东欧国家的认同转型具有启示意义,其中对建构主义的反思主要体现为针对现实问题的解释力方面、小国的规范性影响方面和民众的重要性上升方面,中东欧国家的认同转变基本包括目标、条件、路径、方式、范式和轨迹六个要素。此外,文章对冷战后波罗的海三国认同问题的讨论,也可能对中国与波海三国的合作有所借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the early 1990 s, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe, the Baltic states regained their independence.This paper analyzes the status quo of the three countries' identity, the relationship between different identities, the reasons for the formation of identity, and the relevant implications, taking the identity of the Baltic three countries as the research object in the past twenty years after the end of the Cold War.The basic logical relationship of the article is that the normative environment influences the national identity, the national identity affects the national interest concept and policy, and the national policy shapes the new normative environment.After the end of the Cold War, the three Baltic countries gradually formed multiple identities, that is, the sovereign national identity formed around the construction of institutions, historical, cultural, linguistic and ethnic groups, as well as national defense and diplomacy.The Soviet Union identity, which was gradually disappeared because of historical problems and sensitive reality issues, the EU identity, which was constructed by accepting aid and constraints and experienced risks and challenges, and the NATO identity formed by historical closeness and realistic dependence.There is a conflict and coexistence between the multiple identities of the three countries, in which the dominant identity is still an independent sovereign identity.It is found that the motivation for the formation of multiple identities in the three Baltic states lies in the normative environment at the national and system levels.The normative environment at the national level is reflected in the historical and cultural factors represented by national identity, cultural traditions and collective memory, the national system and the State-social relations represented by the political structure, political culture and internal social processes.And three levels of transnational relations with Russia and the West.The regulatory environment at the system level includes three aspects: sovereignty, regionalization and globalization, international institutional mechanisms such as the Council of the Baltic States, the Transatlantic Security Community, and inter-state interactions on security and energy.Further analysis shows that the identity of the three Baltic countries has had a realistic impact on the three countries' diplomacy, relations among big powers and regional situation, as well as the normative environment of the post-Soviet Union and the European Union.The influence on the norms of the post-Soviet Union is reflected in the aspects of national policy and transformation and development, and in the process of integration and the resolution of the identity crisis.At the same time, the identification of the three countries has enlightening significance for the reflection of the constructivism international relations theory and the transformation of the identity of the central and eastern European countries, in which the reflection on constructivism is mainly reflected in the explanatory power of the realistic problems.In terms of the normative influence of small countries and the rising importance of people, the transformation of identity in Central and Eastern European countries basically includes six elements: goal, condition, path, way, paradigm and trajectory.In addition, the discussion on the identity of the Baltic countries after the Cold War may also be useful for the cooperation between China and the three countries.
【学位授予单位】：上海国际问题研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D751

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