当代中国历史虚无主义思潮研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 16:07

  本文选题：当代中国 + 历史虚无主义思潮　； 参考：《河北师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来,在我国思想文化领域出现了一股不容忽视的历史虚无主义思潮。其违背实事求是的基本原则,借着反思历史和解放思想的名义,从唯心主义历史观出发,片面、主观地对历史进行解读。历史虚无主义者诋毁革命领袖和英雄人物,为历史上已有定论的叛徒、反动统治人物评功摆好,否定中国共产党领导中国新民主主义革命和社会主义建设的伟大历史功绩,质疑中国选择社会主义道路的历史必然性。上述对于历史的颠覆性评价给人们的思想带来了极大的混乱,冲击了马克思主义意识形态的指导地位,动摇了我国的立国之本,影响了改革开放和社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。因此,在唯物史观指导下分析当代中国历史虚无主义思潮的表现、特点,挖掘其传播所产生的深刻社会影响,并进一步提出应对历史虚无主义思潮的有效措施,对我国培育社会主义核心价值观、坚定马克思主义的意识形态,具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。论文研究的核心内容由五章组成。第一章,介绍了历史虚无主义思潮的相关理论。首先,针对当前学术界对于历史虚无主义思潮概念的多种解读进行了重新梳理,指出存在的缺陷,并在此基础上进行了重新界定。为了对历史虚无主义思潮的概念形成精确的理解,对其与西方的虚无主义思潮、后现代主义历史观进行了辨析。其次,剖析了历史虚无主义思潮的基本特征,即以西方中心论为理论基础;以唯心主义历史观为思维方式;以特定时期的历史评价问题为核心内容。这一特征不仅体现在中国,也体现在苏联和其他出现历史虚无主义思潮的国家。最后,剖析了历史虚无主义思潮形成与传播的规律,即出现在社会主义国家的矛盾凸显期或转型期;传播于主流意识形态影响力不足的文化背景下;与西方世界对社会主义国家的和平演变思维相呼应。第二章,分析了当代中国历史虚无主义思潮重新泛起的原因。其中在主观方面表现为:近代中国与西方国家的屈辱性交往导致对社会主义道路信心不足;唯物史观相关知识的匮乏导致人们无法正确地进行历史评价;历史评价活动中的非理性因素直接影响到历史评价结论;当代中国历史虚无主义思潮的传播内容迎合人们的求新心理。当代中国历史虚无主义思潮的重新泛起不仅有主观原因,还有客观原因。客观原因主要表现为:历史认识客体的复杂性增加了人们正确进行历史评价的难度;初级阶段的基本国情导致社会主义优越性无法充分体现;西方国家持续对我国实施和平演变战略;当代中国历史虚无主义思潮的传播具有迷惑性。总之,当代中国历史虚无主义思潮的重新泛起,是主观因素与客观因素交叉综合作用的结果。第三章,挖掘了历史虚无主义思潮在当代中国的现实表现及特点。历史虚无主义作为一种社会思潮,必然与社会存在有着直接的关系,受到当代社会历史条件的影响和制约,具有鲜明的时代性。相较于之前,当代中国的历史虚无主义思潮影响面更为广泛,已经波及到多个领域。在历史领域表现为:告别革命论、否定诋毁毛泽东的历史功绩、美化和吹捧民国历史;在文艺领域表现为:民族虚无主义、恶搞英雄人物、戏说红色经典;在思想领域表现为:质疑雷锋精神、否定改革开放前后三十年的历史联系、从理论上瓦解历史虚无主义思潮的批判武器、对历史虚无主义进行概念重新诠释,扰乱共识。当代中国的历史虚无主义思潮不仅具有一般历史虚无主义思潮的基本特点,还有其独特之处,表现在:以取消中国共产党的执政合法地位为目的;选择重大历史节点作为切入点;通过消解历史根基实现政治诉求;借助于学术创新进行传播。第四章,洞悉了当代中国历史虚无主义思潮的传播及产生的深刻社会影响。历史虚无主义思潮在中国出现最早可以追溯到二十世纪的三十年代。但由于时代所能提供的各种条件的制约,当时的历史虚无主义思潮传播并不广泛,影响面也仅仅涉及到学术领域。到二十世纪八十年代,随着中国对外开放政策的实施,市场经济的发展,网络技术的普及,当代中国历史虚无主义思潮的传播也受到了一定程度的影响。这种影响具体表现为:内容更新周期不断缩短;信息的传播速度跨越式加快;受众群体人数呈几何级增长;受到影响的潜移默化程度加深。正是因为历史虚无主义思潮的广泛传播,带来了一系列严重的社会影响,突出表现在:动摇了马克思主义的指导地位,导致人们政治信仰坍塌;颠覆性的历史评价导致价值观混乱甚至民族精神的丧失;消解了人们的创新热情,阻碍社会主义建设事业的不断革新;颠覆社会主义国家政权,给人们带来巨大的灾难;导致思想领域的复杂化程度加深。第五章,探讨了当代中国应对历史虚无主义思潮的对策及应注意的问题。当代中国应对历史虚无主义思潮的对策主要包含以下五个方面:坚持以唯物史观指导历史评价的基本原则;围绕群众路线在实践中展示社会主义优越性;建立中国特色的社会主义文化自觉自信;充分借助新闻媒体的舆论优势加强历史观教育;重点培养抵制历史虚无主义思潮的主力军。与此同时,在应对当代中国历史虚无主义思潮时应注意以下问题:正确区分历史虚无主义思潮传播主体的阶级性;正确把握马克思主义与史学学科建设的关系;正确处理学术领域的封闭性与网络的开放性。总之,我国正处于一个特殊的历史时期,对内面临着改革开放的不断深入,利益格局的调整带来了更多的社会矛盾;对外西方国家不间断地对我国实施和平演变战略。历史虚无主义思潮在此时暗流涌动,不停地调整其策略,变换其形式,积极地为西方化进行筹划。因此,必须时刻提高警惕,坚持不断学习唯物史观,以唯物史观作为抵制历史虚无思潮的强大思想武器,用丰富、生动的国史、党史知识教育群众,帮助人民树立正确的历史观,客观地分析和看待中国在民族独立和社会主义建设过程中发生的重大历史事件,坚定中国特色社会主义道路、坚定党的领导、坚定共产主义的理想信念。全党全国人民共同携手,走向更加美好的和谐家园。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been a historical nihilism in the field of ideology and culture in our country. It violates the basic principle of seeking truth from facts and, in the name of rethinking history and emancipating the mind, interprets history unilaterally and subjectively from the nominalism of idealist history. The historically established traitors, reactionary ruling figures, and reactionary figures, deny the great historical achievements of the Chinese Communist Party to lead the Chinese New Democratic Revolution and the socialist construction, and question the historical inevitability of China's choice of the socialist road. The above subversive evaluation of history has brought great confusion to the people's thoughts. The guiding position of Marx ideology has shaken the foundation of our country and affected the smooth progress of the reform and opening up and the cause of socialist construction. Therefore, under the guidance of historical materialism, it analyses the manifestations and characteristics of the contemporary Chinese historical nihilism, excavates the profound social influence produced by its transmission, and further puts forward it. The effective measures for the ideological trend of historical nihilism are of great theoretical and practical significance to our country's cultivation of socialist core values and the firm ideology of Marx. The core content of the thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter introduces the relevant theories of the ideological trend of historical nihilism. A variety of interpretations of the concept of historical nihilism have been recombed, and the defects are pointed out. On this basis, the concept of historical nihilism is redefined. In order to make a precise understanding of the concept of historical nihilism, the concept of the thought of nihilism in the West and the historical view of postmodernism are analyzed. Secondly, the deficiency of history is analyzed. The basic characteristics of the ideological trend of anarchy, that is, take the western centralism as the theoretical basis, take the idealist view of history as the thinking mode, and take the historical evaluation in a particular period as the core content. This feature is not only reflected in China, but also in the Soviet Union and other countries that have the ideological trend of historical nihilism. Finally, it analyses the historical nihilism. The laws of the formation and propagation of tide, that is, appear in the period or transition period of the contradictions in the socialist country; spread in the cultural background of the lack of the influence of the mainstream ideology; and the western world echoes the thinking of the peaceful evolution of the socialist country. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the revive of the contemporary Chinese historical nihilism. The subjective aspects are as follows: the humiliating communication between modern China and the western countries leads to the lack of confidence in the socialist road; the lack of relevant knowledge of historical materialism causes people to be unable to carry out the historical evaluation correctly; the irrational factors in the historical evaluation activities directly affect the evaluation of historical history; and the nihilism of contemporary Chinese history The content of the tide is cater to the new psychology of the people. There are not only subjective reasons but also the objective reasons for the revive of the ideological trend of nihilism in Contemporary Chinese history. The objective reasons are as follows: the complexity of the object of historical cognition increases the difficulty of correct historical evaluation, and the basic national conditions in the initial stage lead to the superiority of socialism. It can not be fully embodied; the western countries continue to carry out the strategy of peaceful evolution to our country; the spread of the current Chinese historical nihilism trend is puzzling. In a word, the re emergence of the current Chinese historical nihilism trend is the result of the cross and comprehensive effect of subjective and objective factors. The third chapter excavates the ideological trend of historical nihilism. As a social trend of thought, historical nihilism, as a social trend of thought, is bound to have a direct relationship with social existence, influenced and restricted by contemporary social and historical conditions, and has distinct characteristics. Compared with previous times, the influence of historical nihilism in contemporary China has become more extensive and has been involved in many fields. In the field of history, it is shown as follows: Farewell to the theory of revolution, denigrating Mao Zedong's historical merits and beautifying and touting the history of the Republic of China; in the field of literature and art as: national nihilism, KUSO heroes, and red classics, in the field of thought, whether to question the spirit of Lei Feng, or to determine the historical links of thirty years before and after the reform and opening up, and disintegrate theoretically. The critical weapon of the ideological trend of historical nihilism reinterprets the concept of historical nihilism and disrupts the consensus. The contemporary China's historical nihilism not only has the basic characteristics of the general historical nihilism, but also has its unique features: to cancel the ruling legitimacy of the Communist Party of China and choose the heavy calendar. The history node is the breakthrough point; through the elimination of the historical foundation to realize the political appeal; with the help of academic innovation to spread. The fourth chapter is a insight into the spread and profound social influence of the ideological trend of nihilism in Contemporary Chinese history. The emergence of historical nihilism in China can be traced back to the 30s of twentieth Century. In the 1980s, with the implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world, the development of the market economy, the popularization of the network technology and the spread of the nihilism of the contemporary Chinese history, the spread of the ideological trend of the nihilism of the contemporary Chinese history is also subject to the transmission of the current Chinese historical nihilism. A certain degree of influence. The impact of this effect is as follows: the cycle of content renewal is shortened, the speed of information transmission is speeded up, the number of audience groups is growing at a geometric level, and the degree of imperceptible influence is deepened. It is because of the widespread transmission of historical nihilism that a series of serious social effects have been brought to the table. Now: shaken the guiding position of Marx's doctrine, cause people's political belief to collapse; subversive historical evaluation leads to the confusion of values and even the loss of national spirit; it dispels people's creative enthusiasm and hinders the continuous innovation of the socialist construction cause, subverts the state power of social justice and brings great disaster to people. The degree of complexity in the field is deepened. In the fifth chapter, the countermeasures and problems to be paid attention to the contemporary China's response to the ideological trend of historical nihilism are discussed. The Countermeasures of contemporary China's response to the ideological trend of historical nihilism include the following five aspects: adhering to the basic principles of Historical Evaluation Guided by historical materialism; and demonstrating around the mass line in practice. The socialist superiority, the socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, self confidence, the full use of the media's public opinion advantages to strengthen the education of the historical outlook, and the main force to resist the ideological trend of historical nihilism. At the same time, we should pay attention to the following questions in dealing with the nihilism of the contemporary Chinese History: the correct distinction between the void of history and the nothingness of history. The ideological trend disseminating the class nature of the subject; correctly grasping the relationship between the Marx doctrine and the discipline construction of the historiography; correctly dealing with the closeness of the academic field and the openness of the network. In a word, China is in a special historical period, facing the continuous deepening of the reform and opening up, and the adjustment of the pattern of interests has brought more social contradictions; The foreign and Western countries carry out the strategy of peaceful evolution to our country uninterrupted. The trend of historical nihilism surges at this time, constantly adjusts its strategy, changes its form, and actively plans for Westernization. Therefore, we must constantly improve vigilance, persist in learning materialism, and take historical materialism as a strong resistance to the nihilism of history. Big ideological weapons, rich and vivid state history, the party's history knowledge and education, help the people to set up a correct historical view, objectively analyze and treat China's major historical events in the process of national independence and socialist construction, strengthen the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, strengthen the leadership of the party, and strengthen the ideal and belief of communism. The whole Party and the people of the whole country are working hand in hand towards a better and harmonious homeland.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D61
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本文编号：1792671