福利多元视角下农村居家养老的资源供给研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 17:44

本文选题：福利多元主义 + 农村居家养老　；参考：《河南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业化与城市化的快速发展,社会急剧变迁,人口老龄化这一社会热点问题尤为凸显。中国作为世界上老龄问题最严峻的国家之一,养老问题日益突出。人口老龄化对我国的经济、政治、社会、环境等方面都会产生巨大的影响。我国的人口老龄化呈现未富先老、发展速度快、人口基数大等明显特征。与城市相比,农村所面临的养老困境更为严重,当前我国老年人口70%以上还生活在农村。本文在福利多元主义视角下,根据农村老年人的特点和研究的需要,对河南省X村进行调查走访,选取该村不同年龄阶段的老人为对象,采用定性的半开放型访谈来获得研究材料,收集老年人如何获取经济来源、生活照料及精神慰藉等第一手材料,切实直观地了解到农村老年人的实际想法和需要,在分析我国农村老龄化形势的基础上,从农村居家养老资源供给的现状入手,对我国农村居家养老的资源供给开展研究。受到我国传统养老思想和经济发展水平影响,农村居家养老资源供给严重不足,主要表现为养老资源的家庭养老能力弱化、社区供给匮乏、国家供给不足、市场供给乏力,当前家庭仍然是农村居家养老资源供给的主要供给主体,养老的社会化程度非常低。从福利多元主义视角来看,分析农村居家养老的资源供给困境,主要从供给主体单一、供给内容缺乏、供给主体之间缺乏互动三个方面进行分析。家庭社区、国家、市场和志愿组织,在农村老年人居家养老资源供给上,针对现有的资源,没有形成合力,在为老年人服务上,国家没有起到主导作用,指导市场合理开发面向农村的养老保险,引领农村社区养老设施建设及助老志愿组织的成立。这些都为农村老年人获得居家养老资源设置了障碍。基于福利多元主义,从多元主体参与、多元主体协作、多元主体保障三个方面对农村居家养老的资源供给进行研究。在传统家庭养老的基础上,引入国家、市场、社区以及志愿组织共同为农村老年人提供居家养老资源。在城乡发展不均衡的现状下,相关法律制度应该对农村居家养老进行适当的倾斜,从制度上进行保护,给予农村老年人良好的养老环境。建立健全的监督机制,实践证明,公开和透明可以杜绝一切腐败现象的发生。国家与农村社区基层组织应及时向社会公布有关信息,虚心接受群众监督,更好地发挥社会力量参与到监督农村居家养老资源供给的实施情况中去。只有坚持以国家为主导,市场、家庭社区和志愿组织共同参与、相互协作、良性互动、协同监督才能更好地为农村老年人提供居家养老资源。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the population aging is a hot social issue. As one of the most serious aging problems in the world, China's pension problem is becoming increasingly prominent. The aging of the population will have a great impact on the economy, politics, society and environment of our country. The aging of the population in China is characterized by the old before the rich, the rapid development and the large population base. Compared with the urban areas, rural areas face more serious pension difficulties. At present, more than 70% of the elderly population in China still live in rural areas. In the perspective of welfare pluralism, according to the characteristics of the rural elderly and the needs of the research, this paper investigates and visits X Village in Henan Province, and selects the elderly of different ages in this village as the object. Using qualitative semi-open interviews to obtain research materials, collecting first-hand information on how the elderly get access to economic resources, life care and spiritual comfort, so as to understand the actual ideas and needs of the rural elderly practically and intuitively. Based on the analysis of the situation of aging in rural areas, this paper studies the supply of resources for the aged at home in rural areas from the point of view of the present situation of the supply of resources for the aged at home in rural areas. Under the influence of the traditional pension thought and the level of economic development in our country, the supply of the old-age resources at home in rural areas is seriously insufficient. At present, the family is still the main supply of the endowment resources in the countryside, and the socialization of the aged is very low. From the perspective of welfare pluralism, this paper analyzes the dilemma of the supply of resources for the aged at home in rural areas, mainly from three aspects: the single supply main body, the lack of supply content and the lack of interaction between supply subjects. The family community, the state, the market and voluntary organizations have not formed a joint effort in the supply of old-age resources for the elderly at home in rural areas, and the state has not played a leading role in serving the elderly. Guide the market to develop the rural endowment insurance, lead the rural community pension facilities construction and the establishment of voluntary organizations for the elderly. These have set up obstacles for the elderly in rural areas to obtain home endowment resources. Based on welfare pluralism, this paper studies the supply of resources for the aged at home in rural areas from three aspects: the participation of multiple subjects, the cooperation of multiple subjects, and the protection of multiple subjects. On the basis of the traditional family pension, the country, market, community and voluntary organizations are introduced to provide the elderly in rural areas with home endowment resources. Under the condition of the unbalanced development of urban and rural areas, the relevant legal system should give a proper tilt to the rural family pension, protect it from the system, and give the elderly in rural areas a good environment for the aged. The establishment of a sound oversight mechanism, practice has proved that openness and transparency can prevent all corruption. The state and the grass-roots organizations of the rural communities should publish the relevant information to the society in time, accept the supervision of the masses with an open mind, and better exert the social forces to participate in the implementation of the supervision of the supply of the old-age resources at home in rural areas. Only by adhering to state-led, market, family community and voluntary organizations to participate together, cooperate with each other, and cooperate with supervision can better provide the elderly in rural areas with the resources for the aged at home.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6;D422.6

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