欧盟难民政策探析

发布时间：2018-04-24 04:02

本文选题：欧盟 + 难民　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球化进程的不断加快,诸如人权等价值理念日渐获得广泛认同,使得国际难民、移民现象也与时俱进地发生了各种变化,不仅越来越多的难民能够有效获得相关国家的人道主义救助,移民数量也在不断增加。世界难民、移民现象不断趋向常态化、多元化、复杂化,使得世界各地有关难民、移民的问题不断发生变化。而在国际难民接收、移民领域,欧洲是一个无法绕避的重要领域。相对于其他地区而言,欧洲在难民接收、移民领域的作为,不仅历史悠久,而且变化很大,在不同的历史时期有不同的侧重,是透视国际难民、移民问题的一扇窗口。欧洲在难民接收、移民领域方面的重要成就,突出表现在人权理念的不断完善,以及在难民接收、移民领域建立和完善跨国家、跨地区体系方面的有效努力和累累成果。前后两者互相交融,互为动力,尤其是后者,其体系构成、历史沿革之庞杂,所涉经验之丰富,恐非其他国家、地区所能及。而欧盟在难民接收、移民方面的历史作用和现实作用,在欧洲难民、移民事务领域具有代表性,足为像中国这样的尚未深涉难民、移民事务的发展中国家提供理论参考和经验参考。基于上述考量,本文重点研究了欧盟层面的难民政策,并论及与移民相关的问题,对《日内瓦公约》等相关避难法之相关规定进行梳理,通过分析其历史意义和局限性,从国际、欧盟两个层面,对难民概念进行了界定,藉此对欧盟层面的难民政策的发展形成理论基点,在此基础上,阐述了欧盟难民政策的出台背景,结合欧洲所经历的惨痛的践踏人权的历史,概述了人权保护理念对于欧盟层面的难民机制的动力作用,而后通过论述人权状况对政治合法性、法律正义性的关联,深入介绍了欧盟层面的难民政策和相关移民政策出台的人权理念背景。作为宪政革命最早发生地和世界现代宪政理念之摇篮的欧洲,对践踏人权的惨痛历史进行了深刻反思,并随着经济社会的发展而着眼于在全欧范围内构建人权保护机制,从欧洲各国国内法、欧洲委员会范畴中的人权保护理念和人权保护机制,到欧盟层面避难政策、体制的形成,是一个必然的过程。其间随着一系列协议的推出,欧盟层面的难民政策日趋成熟,其对成员国的法律权威和实际约束力不断增加,不断完善着欧盟人权法律,巩固了欧盟的宪政基础,推动欧盟法、欧盟成员国国内法和国际法中关于难民保护条款进一步完善,促使相关司法运作机制增强互动和加强协调,为寻求保护的避难者提供了获得司法援助的基本途径。欧盟难民政策目前形成了一系列条文,各有侧重,本文择要阐述了其中关键政策的基本作用,结合相关判例,对《资格指令》中的关于获取国际保护地位的规定,确认真正需要国际保护者的标准,相应的权利保障和福利待遇等方面的内容进行了介绍;对《庇护程序指令》着重介绍了其适用性,处理庇护申请方面的具体程序;对《家庭团聚权指令》着重介绍了其对提升“家庭权”的作用:将成员国对难民家庭团聚的政策限制在一个基本范围内,为委员会赋予了启动纠正违法行为的权力;也指出了《家庭团聚权指令》的局限所在。最后,着重从理论层面指出了欧盟难民政策的局限性。
[Abstract]:As the process of globalization is accelerating, such values as human rights and other values have been widely recognized, making the phenomenon of international refugees and immigration changes with the times, not only more and more refugees can effectively obtain humanitarian assistance from the relevant countries, but also the number of immigrants is increasing. The trend of normalization, diversification and complexity has made the problem of refugees and immigrants changing all over the world. In international refugee reception, immigration, Europe is an important area that can not be avoided. Different historical periods have different emphasis on the issue of international refugees and immigration. The important achievements of Europe in the field of refugee reception and immigration have highlighted the improvement of the concept of human rights, as well as the establishment and improvement of the cross country, cross regional system and the effective efforts and achievements in the field of refugee reception, immigration and immigration. The combination of the former and the front, especially the latter, is composed of the complex historical evolution, the rich experience involved, not the other countries, the region, and the historical and practical roles of the EU in the reception of refugees and immigration, as well as in the European refugees and immigration affairs, which are not yet such as China. Based on the above considerations, this paper focuses on the refugee policy at the EU level, discusses the issues related to immigration, and combs the relevant provisions of the related asylum laws, such as the Geneva convention, and analyzes its historical significance and limitations from the international and European countries. On the two levels of the alliance, the concept of refugees is defined to form a theoretical basis for the development of the refugee policy at the EU level. On this basis, the background of the introduction of the EU refugee policy is expounded. In the light of the painful history of human rights abused in Europe, the motive force of human rights care care in the EU level refugee mechanism is summarized. Then, by discussing the relationship between the political legitimacy and the legal justice of the human rights situation, the background of the human rights concept introduced by the EU level refugee policy and the related immigration policy is deeply introduced. As the earliest place of the constitutional revolution and the cradle of the modern constitutional concept in the world, the tragic history of trampling the human rights has been deeply reflected. With the development of the economy and society, we focus on building a human rights protection mechanism throughout Europe. From the European national law, the European Commission, the human rights protection concept and the human rights protection mechanism, the European Union level asylum policy, the formation of the system, is an inevitable course. With the introduction of a series of agreements, the EU level As the policy of refugees is maturing, the legal authority and the actual binding force of the member countries are increasing, and the human rights law of the European Union is constantly improved, the constitutional basis of the EU has been consolidated, the EU law is promoted, and the provisions for the protection of refugees are further perfected in the domestic and international law of the member states of the European Union, so as to enhance the interaction and strengthening of the relevant judicial operation mechanisms. Coordination, the basic way to obtain judicial assistance for the asylum seeking protection is provided. The EU refugee policy has formed a series of articles, each has a particular emphasis. This article has selected the basic role of the key policy, and combined the relevant precedents, and confirms the provisions on the acquisition of international protection status in the eligibility directive, confirming the real needs of the country. The standards of the protector, the corresponding protection of rights and benefits, and the emphasis on the applicability of the asylum procedure directive, the specific procedures to deal with the application of asylum, and the emphasis on the role of the family reunification directive on the promotion of "family rights": the reunion of the member states to the refugee families. The policy restriction endowed the Committee with the authority to start the correction of the violation of the law in a basic scope, and pointed out the limitations of the family reunion directive. Finally, the limitations of the EU refugee policy were pointed out from the theoretical level.

【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D815.6

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