全国人大常委会专题询问制度实践与改进研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 01:28

本文选题：全国人大常委会 + 专题询问　；参考：《北京邮电大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“专题询问”是全国人大常委会在“询问”这一法定监督形式基础上做出的创新举措。从形式上看,它是指全国人大常委会在常委会会议召开期间,每年选取若干个涉及国家重大民生和人民群众普遍关注的问题,结合审议工作开展的有针对性的询问活动。专题询问自2010年由全国人大常委会首创后即得到了社会各界的关注,并以其操作简便、启动方便、实施快捷等优势,迅速在全国各级人大中“流行”开来,成为各级人大常委会开展监督的常态化手段。近年来,有一定数量的文章从不同的角度对专题询问进行了研究,但总体说来还不够细致。专题询问就其地位与性质、法律与法规、运行与实施等各方面都还有很多值得探索与改进之处。十二届全国人大以来,随着我国全面深化改革的整体启动,人大监督步入了崭新的阶段,并必然会在今后起到更切实、更重要的作用,助力推进人民代表大会制度的运行与发展。在此背景下,对专题询问进行深入的研究,对提升人大监督实效、优化人大与政府的运行机制、强健人大自身体系都有着相当重要的作用。本文以全国人大常委会这一国家最高权力机关所开展的专题询问为研究对象。在文中,对全国人大常委会的专题询问进行了溯源与梳理,探讨了其概念和涵义,分析了其特点和运行方式。在实践研究方面,采取“点线结合”,除了综合评论历年专题询问实践的整体状况之外,还通过几个切入点展现专题询问的多个侧面:一是选取了 2013年暨十二届全国人大换届之后第一年的开展情况为例,重点分析常委会组成人员的参与情况;二是选取了 2015年审议职业教育法执法检查报告专题询问,分析专题询问独有的关联性,包括和其他监督方式关联、人大和其他机构关联的情况;三是记录2016年食品安全法执法检查报告专题询问现场过程,为专题询问研究提供了主观视角。从我国人大常委会监督工作的整体发展角度看,专题询问表面上只是人大常委会一项创新的监督形式,但如果放到我国政治体制改革与人大监督发展的大背景中,会发现专题询问的产生和演进正是与此大势相契合,其实践与运行中均遵循着我国政治环境、体制改革的基本原则,体现了我国人民代表大会制的优势和特点。本文经分析专题询问的实践历程,得出如下结论:专题询问是人大监督从程序性向实质性的转变、从单一监督方式向组合监督形式的联接。如果将人大监督方式从柔性监督向刚性监督进行排列,则可以发现专题询问正是这监督链条上居中的一环,链接起不同力度和形式的监督。同时,就专题询问的表现来说,它有其自身的适用性(或称限用性),也有不同于其他监督方式的特殊的作用。正是站在这个角度,本文指出了专题询问还可以进一步发挥更大的作用,并立足人大工作的实际情况,针对一些可改进之处给出了自己的建议。
[Abstract]:"Thematic inquiry" is an innovative measure made by the NPC Standing Committee on the basis of the legal supervision form of "inquiring". In form, it refers to a number of issues related to the major people's livelihood and the general concern of the people every year during the meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, which is carried out in combination with the deliberations. Since 2010, the special inquiries have received the attention of the people from all walks of life after the founding of the NPC Standing Committee in 2010, and with its advantages of easy operation, convenient start and implementation, it has become popular in the National People's Congress at all levels, and has become a normalization method to supervise the people's Congress at all levels. The number of articles has been studied from different angles, but in general, it is not detailed enough. There are many points worth exploring and improving on its status and nature, laws and regulations, operation and implementation, and so on. Since the twelve National People's Congress, the people's Congress has started the overall deepening of the reform since the National People's Congress. Supervision has entered a new stage and will certainly play a more practical and more important role in the future to promote the operation and development of the people's Congress system. Under this background, a thorough study of the subject inquiry is carried out to improve the effectiveness of the supervision of the people's Congress, to optimize the operation mechanism of the people's Congress and the government, and to strengthen the system of the people's Congress. In this paper, the subject inquiry of the National People's Congress, the highest authority of the National People's Congress, is studied. In this paper, the subject inquiry of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress was traced and combed, its concept and meaning were discussed, its characteristics and operational formulas were analyzed. In addition to the comprehensive review of the overall situation of the previous year's special inquiry practice, it also shows several aspects of the subject inquiry through several entry points: first, the first year of the 2013 and the twelve National People's Congress after the change of the first year is taken as an example to analyze the participation of the members of the Standing Committee, and the two is to select the vocational education in 2015. Education law enforcement inspection report special inquiry, analysis of the unique relevance of the special topic, including related to other supervision methods, people's people's Congress and other institutions related to the situation; three is to record the 2016 food safety law enforcement inspection report on the site process, to provide a subjective perspective for the subject inquiry. On the whole development point of view, thematic inquiry is only an innovative supervision form on the surface of the Standing Committee of the NPC. But if we put it into the background of the political system reform and the supervision and development of the people's Congress, it will be found that the production of special inquiries and Yan Jinzheng are in accordance with the situation. Both the practice and the operation follow the political environment of our country and the system. The basic principles of the reform reflect the advantages and characteristics of the system of the people's Congress in China. Through the analysis of the practical course of the people's Congress, this paper draws the following conclusions: thematic inquiries are the transformation of the people's Congress supervision from the procedural to the substantive, the connection from the single supervision mode to the combination supervision form. When the rigid supervision is arranged, it can be found that thematic inquiry is the middle part of the chain of supervision, and links up different dynamics and forms of supervision. At the same time, it has its own applicability (or limit), or a special function different from other supervision methods. It is pointed out that thematic inquiry can further play a greater role, and based on the actual situation of the work of the NPC, it gives some suggestions for some improvements.

【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D622

【参考文献】