当代中国社会“双重依赖”探究

发布时间：2018-05-13 17:17

本文选题：马克思社会发展理论 + 对人的依赖　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类社会发展问题既是马克思主义理论的核心,也一直是哲学人文社会科学研究的重大课题。马克思的社会发展“三阶段”论对中国特色社会主义建设的指导意义,学界已有相当充分的研究。但当代中国社会所形成的既有对“人的依赖”又有对“物的依赖”这种独特的“双重依赖”现象,及其与马克思社会发展理论之间的关系,或者说马克思社会发展理论对该现象的解释力,并未引起学界应有的重视。在对比当代中国社会“双重依赖”现象与马克思社会发展理论的非一致性基础上,分析这种现象形成的原因并探讨走出“双重依赖”进而实现“人的自由而全面发展”的可能性,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。当代中国社会的“双重依赖”现象,主要表现为以清官情结和权力崇拜为主要特征的对“人的依赖”,以及以器物至上与功利主义为特征的对“物的依赖”。这种现象的形成,一是近代中国从器物到制度再到观念这一与西方现代文明形成顺序颠倒的现代化进程,使对“人的依赖”得以延续;而国家社会主义动员模式下的单位制和公社制,事实上又强化了对“人的依赖”。二是再分配制度与市场体制的并行,导致工具理性的张扬,从而又叠加了对“物的依赖”。走出“双重依赖”的基本路径:一是通过价值信仰体系的重建,从观念层面上超越权力本位和利益本位,即以社会主义核心价值观为基础,一方面继承和发扬“传统文化中适合于调理社会关系和鼓励人们向上向善的内容”,重建社会普遍认同的文化体系;另一方面以开放的视野,吸取其他文化成就中有价值的养分,形成以理性精神和个人权利观为中心的现代价值体系。二是加强制度和法制建设,为摆脱对“人的依赖”提供制度化的保障;即一方面规范权力授予机制,全面落实“权为民所授”的原则,健全约束公权力的制度体系;另一方面推进权力市场向法治市场的转化,健全私权和私域法律保障机制,并为民众的利益表达和政治参与提供制度化管道。三是构建波兰尼意义上的“能动社会”,抵制商品化对社会的侵蚀,扭转经济关系脱离社会关系并凌驾于社会关系之上的泛商品化趋势,摆脱对物的过度依赖。
[Abstract]:The development of human society is not only the core of Marxist theory, but also an important subject in the study of philosophy, humanities and social sciences. The theory of "three stages" of Marx's social development has been fully studied on the guiding significance of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics. However, the unique phenomenon of "double dependence", which is formed in the contemporary Chinese society, is both "human dependence" and "material dependence", and the relationship between it and Marx's social development theory. In other words, the explanatory power of Marx's social development theory to this phenomenon has not aroused the academic circles'due attention. On the basis of contrasting the phenomenon of "double dependence" between contemporary Chinese society and Marx's theory of social development, It is of great theoretical and practical significance to analyze the causes of this phenomenon and to explore the possibility of "free and all-round development of human beings" out of "double dependence". The phenomenon of "double dependence" in contemporary Chinese society is mainly characterized by the dependence on human beings, which is characterized by the complex of clean officials and the worship of power, and the dependence on "things" characterized by the supremacy of objects and utilitarianism. The formation of this kind of phenomenon is that the modernization process of modern China from the objects to the system to the idea, which is reversed with the formation order of the western modern civilization, makes the dependence on man continue. In fact, the system of unit and commune under the pattern of national socialist mobilization strengthens the dependence on people. The other is the parallel of the redistribution system and the market system, which leads to the publicity of instrumental rationality and the superposition of the dependence on things. To get out of the basic path of "double dependence": first, through the reconstruction of the value belief system, we should transcend the power standard and the interest standard from the concept level, that is, take the socialist core values as the foundation, On the one hand, it inherits and develops "the content of traditional culture that is suitable for regulating social relations and encouraging people to make progress towards the good", so as to rebuild the cultural system that is generally accepted by society; on the other hand, with an open field of vision, To absorb valuable nutrients from other cultural achievements and form a modern value system centered on rational spirit and individual right view. Second, to strengthen the construction of system and legal system, to provide institutional guarantee for getting rid of "dependence on human beings", that is, to standardize the mechanism of power granting, to implement the principle of "right for the people" in an all-round way, and to perfect the system of restraining public power. On the other hand, we should promote the transformation of power market to the market of rule of law, perfect the legal protection mechanism of private rights and private areas, and provide a systematic channel for the expression of people's interests and political participation. Thirdly, it is necessary to construct a "dynamic society" in Polanyi's sense, resist the erosion of society by commercialization, reverse the tendency of economic relations to break away from social relations and be above social relations, and get rid of over-dependence on things.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669

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