基于福祉地理学的中国老年人福祉空间分异研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 10:21

本文选题：福祉地理学 + 人口老龄化　；参考：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,人口老龄化现象正在由发达国家蔓延到发展中国家,老龄问题即将成为发展中国家的一个主要问题。中国作为世界上人口最多的国家,随着社会经济的快速发展,人们的生活水平日益提高,人均预期寿命越来越高,老年人口的比例越来越大,21世纪前期将是中国人口老龄化发展最快的时期。中国的人口老龄化超前于经济发展,具有“未富先老”的特点,同时还伴随着家庭规模小型化和空巢化,老年人的生活难以得到保障。中国政府高度重视和解决人口老龄化问题,树立了老有所养、老有所医、老有所教、老有所学、老有所为、老有所乐的发展目标。研究中国老年人福祉的空间分异,对于认清中国老年人福祉空间分布现状,因地制宜发展老龄事业,实现全国老年人福祉协调发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文基于福祉地理学相关概念和理论,基于中国统计年鉴(2013年),各省统计年鉴(2013年),采用SPSS软件和Arc Gis软件,测量了中国各省、市、直辖市老年人的客观福祉水平,并进行了地理空间分异分析,总结其空间分异形成的主要影响因素。本文主要研究成果有:第一,在综合分析现有研究的基础上,结合中国老年人的特点和需求,从社会福祉、经济福祉、生态福祉、主观满意度四个方面构建中国老年人福祉评价指标体系。社会福祉指标分别从居住条件、交通条件、文化娱乐、医疗保健四个方面展开,经济福祉指标从收入水平和消费水平两个方面展开,生态福祉指标从大气环境、水环境和土地环境三个方面展开。第二,2013年中国老年人客观福祉测量结果显示,总福祉呈东高西低的空间分布特征,总福祉水平最高的是山东、江苏、浙江,都位于中国东部沿海地区。社会福祉与经济福祉的空间分布特征相似,也具有东高西低的分布特点,生态福祉的空间分布则呈现不同的特点,生态福祉得分最高的是青海、西藏、甘肃等西部省份,最低的是山西、河北、内蒙古等北部省份。第三,将各省老年人客观福祉总得分和老年人抚养比结合,把全国分为7类地区,分别是高低型(广东)、高中型(浙江、河南、山东)、高高型(江苏、四川)、中中型(甘肃、云南、广西、内蒙古、山西、黑龙江、福建、天津、吉林、陕西、北京、湖北、江西、安徽、湖南、辽宁、上海、河北)、低低型(西藏、宁夏、青海、新疆)、低中型(海南、贵州)、低高型(重庆)。第四,经济因素、政府政策、社会支持、生态环境的空间分异是影响中国老年人福祉空间分异的主要因素。
[Abstract]:At present, the phenomenon of population aging is spreading from developed countries to developing countries, and ageing will soon become a major problem in developing countries. As the most populous country in the world, with the rapid development of social economy, people's living standards are improving day by day, and the life expectancy per capita is getting higher and higher. The proportion of the aged population is getting larger and larger. The early 21st century will be the fastest growing period of aging population in China. China's aging population is ahead of economic development, with the characteristics of "old before rich", but also accompanied by family size miniaturization and empty nesting, the life of the elderly is difficult to ensure. The Chinese government attaches great importance to and solves the problem of aging of the population, and has set up the development goals of a sense of security, a sense of health, a sense of education, a sense of learning, a sense of conduct, and a sense of happiness for the elderly. The study of the spatial differentiation of the welfare of the elderly in China is of great theoretical and practical significance in understanding the present situation of spatial distribution of the well-being of the elderly in China, developing the cause of ageing according to local conditions, and realizing the coordinated development of the welfare of the elderly throughout the country. Based on the related concepts and theories of well-being geography, based on the Statistical Yearbook of China (2013) and the Statistical Yearbook of provinces (2013), the objective well-being of the elderly in provinces, municipalities and municipalities of China was measured by using SPSS software and Arc Gis software. The main factors influencing the formation of spatial differentiation are summarized. The main research results of this paper are as follows: first, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the existing research, combined with the characteristics and needs of the elderly in China, from the social well-being, economic well-being, ecological well-being, Four aspects of subjective satisfaction to construct the Chinese elderly well-being evaluation index system. Social welfare indicators are developed from four aspects: living conditions, traffic conditions, culture and recreation, and health care, economic well-being indicators are developed from two aspects of income level and consumption level, and ecological well-being indicators are based on the atmospheric environment. Water environment and land environment in three aspects. Secondly, the objective well-being measurement results of Chinese elderly in 2013 show that the total well-being of the elderly is characterized by a spatial distribution of high and low in east China, and the highest level of total well-being is in Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, all of which are located in the coastal areas of eastern China. The spatial distribution characteristics of social welfare and economic well-being are similar, and they also have the characteristics of low distribution in the east, high in the east and low in the west. The spatial distribution of the ecological well-being shows different characteristics. The western provinces such as Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and other western provinces have the highest score of ecological well-being. The lowest are Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other northern provinces. Third, combining the total objective scores of the elderly in various provinces with the dependency ratio of the elderly, the whole country is divided into seven types of regions, namely, high and low (Guangdong, Henan, Shandong, Shandong), high (Jiangsu, Sichuan, medium, Gansu, Yunnan, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Tianjin, Jilin, Shaanxi, Beijing, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Liaoning, Shanghai, Hebei, low (Tibet, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, low and medium) Kweichow, low high type (Chungking). Fourth, economic factors, government policies, social support, ecological environment spatial differentiation are the main factors that affect the welfare of the elderly in China.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

【参考文献】