当代英国政党治理模式变迁——从“政党自治”到“法律择要规范”

发布时间：2018-06-06 22:14

本文选题：英国政党政治 + 政党治理模式　；参考：《政治学研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：各国政党治理模式都是国家层面的政党治理模式与政党层面的内部治理模式的复合体。英国作为现代政党发源地,长期以来视政党为私人组织,国家法律对政党奉行默认态度,实行政党自治;但2000年英国《政党、选举及全民公投法》开始全面而严格地规范政党注册、政治捐款、竞选开支与选举活动。这意味着英国政党治理模式的重大转变,标志着英国开始推行政党公共选举活动法制化,对政党进行"法律择要规范",同时保留政党内部自治传统。就英国两大政党内部治理模式与特点而言,工党内部治理奉行多元民主基础上的中央集权,重视党的民主性、整体性、代表性与社会性,依章依规治党;保守党内部治理则犹如公司治理,奉行寡头统治与领袖集权,主要按政治惯例与政治伦理行事。这说明国家法律对政党组织属性定位决定着该国政党治理的基本模式,但政党组织原则、党内关系等决定着该党内部治理模式与特点,世界范围乃至一国之内不同政党的治理模式具有多样性。
[Abstract]:The models of political party governance in all countries are the complex of the party governance model at the national level and the internal governance model at the political party level. As the birthplace of modern political parties, Britain has for a long time regarded political parties as private organizations. National laws have adopted a tacit attitude towards political parties and have exercised party autonomy. The elections and referendums Act began to comprehensively and strictly regulate party registration, political donations, campaign expenses, and election activities. This means a significant change in the mode of governance of British political parties, which marks the beginning of the legalization of the public election activities of political parties, the "choice of laws" for political parties, and the preservation of the tradition of internal autonomy of political parties. As far as the internal governance mode and characteristics of the two major political parties in Britain are concerned, the internal governance of the Labour Party adheres to the centralization of power on the basis of pluralistic democracy, attaches importance to the democracy, integrity, representativeness and sociality of the Party, and governs the Party according to the rules and regulations. Tory internal governance is like corporate governance, oligarchy and leadership centralization, mainly according to political conventions and political ethics. This shows that the orientation of national law to the attribute of political party organization determines the basic mode of political party governance in this country, but the principles of party organization and the relations within the party determine the internal governance mode and characteristics of the party. The governance models of different political parties all over the world and even within a country are diverse.
【作者单位】：中共上海市委党校政党研究所、上海市社会科学创新研究基地(党的执政能力建设);
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时期党的工作作风与群众关系研究”(项目号13&ZD009)的研究成果国家“万人计划”领军人才、全国文化名家暨“四个一批”人才专项经费资助
【分类号】：D756.1

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