1967-1982年美国海底问题外交决策研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 04:48

本文选题：海底问题外交决策国际组织模式政府政治模式 + 联合国海洋法会议(UNCLOS)　；参考：《外交学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：二战后,经济和科技飞速发展、资源开发和利用的需求空前增长、国家主权管辖范围之外区域的竞争日益激烈,而海底正是这一类区域中各国密切关注和竞相提出权利主张的焦点。从1967年帕多提案提出、美国内部开始海底决策讨论、完成海底问题决策第一次转向,到“人类共同遗产原则”提出、美国发表“尼克松声明”实现第二次决策转向,再到联合国第三次海洋法会议后期美国态度日益强硬、开始单方面立法、并于1982年拒绝批准《联合国海洋法公约》导致第三次海底决策转向,美国海底问题决策经历了一个反复和复杂的过程。分析1967-1982年间美国海底问题决策制定过程与变化原因,既有国际层面的海底机制变迁影响,又有国内层面的政府政治因素,前者可通过复合相互依赖中的国际组织模式得到解释,后者可利用决策的政府政治模式进行分析。在此基础上,总体来看美国海底问题外交决策制定并探寻其本质,会发现其既有美国重要议题外交决策在政府政治上的共性、又有其自身参与政府政治、以及作为国际公共物品问题参与国际决策政治的特点。
[Abstract]:After World War II, with the rapid development of economy and science and technology, the demand for the exploitation and utilization of resources has increased unprecedentedly, and the competition in areas beyond the jurisdiction of national sovereignty has become increasingly fierce. The seabed is the focus of close attention and competing claims in this area. From the Pardo proposal in 1967, the United States began to discuss the undersea decisions within the United States, completed the first turn of decision-making on seabed issues, to the "principle of Common Heritage of mankind," the United States issued the "Nixon Declaration" to realize the second decision-making turn. At the end of the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, the United States became increasingly assertive, began to legislate unilaterally and, in 1982, refused to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which led to the third benthic decision-making shift. Undersea decision making in the United States has gone through an iterative and complex process. This paper analyzes the decision-making process and the reasons for the changes in the decision-making of submarine issues in the United States during 1967-1982. It has not only the influence of the changes of submarine mechanisms at the international level, but also the political factors of government at the domestic level. The former can be explained by the model of international organizations in the process of compound interdependence. The latter can be analyzed by using the government political model of decision-making. On this basis, on the whole, if the United States makes and explores the nature of diplomatic decision-making on undersea issues, it will find that it has both the commonalities in government politics and its own participation in government politics on important issues of diplomatic decision-making in the United States. And as an international public goods participation in international decision-making politics characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

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