社区公共服务提供机制的分类研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 17:24
【摘要】：多中心治理理论的基础是公共产品理论及公共服务的提供和生产二分理论。公共服务因其属性的差异需要由不同的主体提供与生产。公共服务有广义和狭义之分。广义的公共服务是指由非特定主体提供的以公共利益为目的的公共产品。狭义的公共服务是指政府为满足全社会范围内的人权要求而提供的公共产品。社区公共服务是社区内部以公共利益为目的,由非特定主体提供的公共产品。根据社区居民的需要层次和公共服务提供的难易程度,可以将社区公共服务的内容分为三个层次。第一层次是社区内的环境,主要包括卫生和治安环境。第二层次是社区硬件设施。第三个层次是由居民及其组织提供的各种自利性或公益性公共服务。其中第一层次及第二层次的硬件设施因其对维持社区的持续运转有重要作用而被称为社区基本公共服务。第三层次的公共服务则被称为社区发展性公务服务。当前社区公共服务的提供共有三种模式,居委会、业委会责任制,单位包办模式与政府包办模式。从目前情况来看,社区公共服务存在着质量低,供给不足,以及监督反馈机制缺乏的问题。造成这些问题的原因主要是政府没有对社区公共服务进行分类处理,其实质是政府职能划分不清在社区的表现。政府对社区公共服务的态度要么是放任自流,把责任全部交给社区,要么是大包大揽,一力承担所有事务。社区基本公共服务因其同质性和一般性,可以由政府来统一提供。而针对由政府统一提供而产生的反馈监督机制缺乏的问题,可以建立网格化的公共服务提供机制和政府购买公共服务的生产机制予以克服。网格化管理,使公共服务提供的指挥、执行、监督形成了一个无缝隙结构,将反馈监督落到了实处。政府购买公共服务,使公共服务的生产者多元化以打破垄断,产生竞争效应,从而提高社区公共服务的回应性。发展性的社区公共服务因其异质性和特殊性,应由社区以居民自治的方式予以提供。业委会成立与运作弊端的克服需要居民的公共精神和民主能力。这些在当前条件下虽不易具备,但可以通过发展和完善社区社会组织逐步得以提高。同时社区社会组织还是发展性社区公共服务的主要提供和生产主体。社区社会组织的成立和发展需要政府的引导与扶持,也需要成熟社会组织的帮助。
[Abstract]:The theory of polycentric governance is based on the theory of public goods and the dichotomy of supply and production of public services. Public services need to be provided and produced by different agents because of their different attributes. Public service is divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a broad sense, public service refers to public goods provided by non-specific subjects for the purpose of public interest. Narrow-sense public service refers to the public goods provided by the government to meet the human rights requirements of the whole society. Community public service is a kind of public goods provided by non-specific subjects within the community for the purpose of public interest. The content of community public service can be divided into three levels according to the level of community residents' needs and the degree of difficulty in providing public service. The first level is the environment within the community, mainly including the health and security environment. The second level is community hardware facilities. The third level is a variety of self-interest or public welfare public services provided by residents and their organizations. The first and second levels of hardware are called community basic public services because of their important role in maintaining the continuous operation of the community. The third level of public service is called community development service. At present, there are three modes of community public service provision: neighborhood committee, industry committee responsibility system, unit organization mode and government arrangement mode. From the current situation, community public service has the problems of low quality, insufficient supply, and lack of supervision and feedback mechanism. The main reason for these problems is that the government has not classified the community public service, and its essence is that the function of the government is not clearly divided in the community. The government's attitude towards community public service is either to leave the responsibility to the community, or to undertake all the affairs in a single effort. Because of its homogeneity and generality, community basic public services can be provided uniformly by the government. In view of the lack of feedback and supervision mechanism provided by the government, it can be overcome by establishing the grid public service supply mechanism and the government purchasing public service production mechanism. Grid management enables public service to provide command, execution, and supervision to form a seamless structure that puts feedback supervision into practice. The government buys the public service, causes the public service producer diversification to break the monopoly, produces the competition effect, thus enhances the community public service response. Because of its heterogeneity and particularity, the developmental community public service should be provided by the community in the way of resident autonomy. The establishment and operation of the Industry Council need the public spirit and democratic ability of the residents. These can be improved gradually through the development and improvement of community social organization. At the same time, community social organization is also the main provider and producer of developmental community public service. The establishment and development of community social organizations need the guidance and support of the government and the help of mature social organizations.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.3
本文编号：2170790
[Abstract]:The theory of polycentric governance is based on the theory of public goods and the dichotomy of supply and production of public services. Public services need to be provided and produced by different agents because of their different attributes. Public service is divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a broad sense, public service refers to public goods provided by non-specific subjects for the purpose of public interest. Narrow-sense public service refers to the public goods provided by the government to meet the human rights requirements of the whole society. Community public service is a kind of public goods provided by non-specific subjects within the community for the purpose of public interest. The content of community public service can be divided into three levels according to the level of community residents' needs and the degree of difficulty in providing public service. The first level is the environment within the community, mainly including the health and security environment. The second level is community hardware facilities. The third level is a variety of self-interest or public welfare public services provided by residents and their organizations. The first and second levels of hardware are called community basic public services because of their important role in maintaining the continuous operation of the community. The third level of public service is called community development service. At present, there are three modes of community public service provision: neighborhood committee, industry committee responsibility system, unit organization mode and government arrangement mode. From the current situation, community public service has the problems of low quality, insufficient supply, and lack of supervision and feedback mechanism. The main reason for these problems is that the government has not classified the community public service, and its essence is that the function of the government is not clearly divided in the community. The government's attitude towards community public service is either to leave the responsibility to the community, or to undertake all the affairs in a single effort. Because of its homogeneity and generality, community basic public services can be provided uniformly by the government. In view of the lack of feedback and supervision mechanism provided by the government, it can be overcome by establishing the grid public service supply mechanism and the government purchasing public service production mechanism. Grid management enables public service to provide command, execution, and supervision to form a seamless structure that puts feedback supervision into practice. The government buys the public service, causes the public service producer diversification to break the monopoly, produces the competition effect, thus enhances the community public service response. Because of its heterogeneity and particularity, the developmental community public service should be provided by the community in the way of resident autonomy. The establishment and operation of the Industry Council need the public spirit and democratic ability of the residents. These can be improved gradually through the development and improvement of community social organization. At the same time, community social organization is also the main provider and producer of developmental community public service. The establishment and development of community social organizations need the guidance and support of the government and the help of mature social organizations.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.3
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