中美两国政府对朝政策比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 15:13

【摘要】：由于朝鲜半岛处在一个政治、军事、价值观等不同而复杂的政治板块之间,独特的地理位置和历史演变更增加了朝鲜半岛事态的动荡性、复杂性和敏感性。朝鲜半岛问题突出体现在朝核问题和南北统一问题上,它的产生既有历史原因、冷战遗留和现实缘由等因素,同时也是东北亚各国及美朝关系利益与矛盾斗争的交汇所在。因此,各方应清醒认识到,朝鲜半岛问题的解决具有相当的艰巨性,绝不可能一蹴而就。朝核问题是当前东北亚安全困境的一个缩影,每次危机事件不仅使得东北亚的安全局势变得动荡紧张,而且一再显现出该地区安全和政治秩序脆弱不堪的事实。鉴于朝鲜半岛问题的复杂性,朝鲜作为问题的核心当事国之一,而中美又是影响朝鲜半岛局势的关键外来因素,中美朝三国之间的关系错综复杂。相关国家任何一个战略选择的变化,都会对地区安全局势产生重大影响。在对朝政策上,中美两个对地区事务有着重大利益关切的国家的一举一动都倍受瞩目。本文以外交政策的构成要素为理论依据,以中美两国政府对朝政策的基本立场、主要目标、立足之点和重要任务为事实基础,通过分析中美在朝鲜半岛问题上存在的共同利益和分歧所在,最后指明中美应在对朝政策上达成合作,实现战略共赢。这不仅符合中美两国的根本利益,也是维护东北亚乃至亚太地区和平稳定与繁荣发展的重要条件。中国要实现“中国梦”和“两个一百年”的建设目标,就必须营造出一个和平稳定的周边安全环境。由于国家实力和影响力的不断增强,中国在处理地区事务问题上的重要性也不断上升。根据自身利益的优先性排序,中国把维护朝鲜半岛和平稳定、促使朝鲜弃核以及加强对朝鲜半岛的影响力作为主要的利益考虑。而中国的外交行动不可避免的会受到地区安全的传统主导国——美国的影响。奥巴马政府则秉持一贯的对朝敌视立场,依托美日、美韩同盟,争取多边力量支持,采取军事威慑、外交孤立、经济制裁等手段迫使朝鲜放弃“并行”路线。中美两国在维护朝鲜半岛稳定、实现半岛无核化、防止核扩散、和平解决朝核问题上有着广泛的共同利益,但在追求目标优先性和侧重点、解决朝核问题的途径、对朝鲜政权的态度、责任区分等方面仍存在着巨大的分歧。可以说,中美两国在朝鲜半岛问题上既有着共同利益,又有着利害冲突。这是由崛起国中国与霸权国美国之间的结构性矛盾所决定的。现代国际关系的实践证明,“合则两利,斗则两败”。中美两国如果能在朝鲜半岛问题上加强合作,就能推动朝鲜半岛局势向和平、稳定、无核化乃至繁荣的方向发展；反之,中美利益摩擦加剧,相互争斗,那么朝鲜半岛就会出现中美都不愿意见到的混乱局面。中美两国只有充分了解双方在朝鲜半岛利益的交织点与分歧,才能积极主动地采取措施化险为夷,维持和扩大双方利益的共同点,避免竞争性、消极性利益破坏共同性利益。中美应在朝鲜半岛问题上结成战略合作关系,这不仅符合两国的根本利益,也有助于东北亚乃至整个亚太地区的和平与稳定,繁荣与发展。
[Abstract]:Because the Korean Peninsula is in a political, military, values and other different and complex political plate, the unique geographical position and historical evolution of the Korean Peninsula has increased the volatility, complexity and sensitivity of the situation. The Korean nuclear issue is a microcosm of the current security dilemma in Northeast Asia, each crisis event. In view of the complexity of the Korean Peninsula issue, North Korea is one of the core parties to the issue, and China and the United States are the key external factors affecting the situation on the Korean Peninsula. The relationship between China, the United States and the DPRK Any change in the strategic choices of the countries concerned will have a significant impact on the regional security situation. In the policy of the DPRK, the actions and actions of the two countries concerned about regional affairs have attracted much attention. On the basis of facts, this paper analyzes the common interests and differences between China and the United States on the Korean Peninsula issue, and finally points out that China and the United States should cooperate in their policies towards the DPRK to achieve a strategic win-win situation. China must create a peaceful and stable peripheral security environment in order to realize the construction goals of the "China Dream" and "Two Hundred Years". Prioritizing its own interests, China considers maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, prompting North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons and strengthening its influence on the Korean Peninsula as its main interests. China and the United States have broad common interests in maintaining the stability of the Korean peninsula, realizing denuclearization of the peninsula, preventing nuclear proliferation and peacefully resolving the Korean nuclear issue. It can be said that China and the United States have both common interests and conflicts of interest on the Korean Peninsula issue. This is determined by the structural contradiction between the rising power China and the hegemonic power the United States. The practice of international relations has proved that if China and the United States can strengthen cooperation on the Korean Peninsula issue, the situation on the Korean Peninsula will develop towards peace, stability, denuclearization and even prosperity; on the contrary, China and the United States will be reluctant to confront each other because of intensified conflicts of interest and mutual struggle. Only when China and the United States fully understand the intertwined points and differences of their interests on the Korean Peninsula can they take positive and proactive measures to overcome the dangers, maintain and expand the common interests of both sides, avoid competition and destroy the common interests by negative interests. This is not only in line with the fundamental interests of the two countries, but also conducive to peace, stability, prosperity and development in Northeast Asia and the entire Asia-Pacific region.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D822.331.25;D871.2

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