明代吉安府科第状况研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 15:15

【摘要】：吉安素称“文献之邦”,自科举制度创立之后,吉安迎来了文化大发展的机遇。入宋以后,科举制度更为完备,吉安进入了文化繁荣与发展的兴盛期,人才兴盛,士子群彦辈出,在科举考试中探杏折桂者代有闻人,产生了像欧阳修、胡铨、周必大、杨邦NB、文天祥等硕儒与忠节之士,他们的榜样作用对吉安后学的影响是极为显著的。因此,吉安便有了“文章节义之邦”的美称。入明以后,科举制度达到了鼎盛期,科举制成为国家取士第一要路。在宋代吉安人文仕宦之盛的基础上,明代吉安士子在科考中再攀高峰,考取进士817名,科第入仕者盛况空前,形成了“翰林多吉水,朝士半江西”的政治格局。本文拟对明代吉安府进士群体进行考察,展现明代吉安进士群体的基本情况。通过对明代吉安府进士的整体性考察,可以发现,明代吉安府乃江西科甲极盛之府,取中进士数为全省十三府之首。其冠绝全省的不光是进士总数,一甲进士数同样遥遥领先于全省其他各府,而且名列全国前茅。明代吉安府进士群体呈现出登科进士多、高科进士众、登进士第者仕宦显的特点。明代吉安府考取的进士在时间上呈现出前期中第多、后期登第少的趋势;就进士的区域分布来看,吉安府的进士分布也极不均衡,进士地域性集聚现象十分突出,尤以庐陵、泰和、吉水、安福县为盛,其余各县相对较少。这种差异的出现,与当时吉安府内部地理交通、社会经济、文化传统等发展的不平衡有极大的关联。在吉安府进士群体的地域性集聚现象研究中,引申出“进士家族”的概念。对明代吉安府进士家族的数量进行考证与统计,分析明代吉安府进士家族的基本特征,优越的经济条件和优质的教育资源与文化氛围是造就这些科第世家的根本原因。在享受社会、科举为其带来自身发展的同时,这些进士家族做出了巨大的社会和文化贡献,对吉安地方社会乃至当朝政治和时局产生了深远的影响。明代吉安府科第蔚盛,既是明代吉安拥有强大科举实力与竞争力的集中表现,又与该地区发达的交通与经济、官私学教育兴盛、深厚的科举积淀与浓厚的科举氛围、庞大的参试群体以及士大夫群体间的奖掖后进等因素密切相关。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of the imperial examination system, Ji'an has ushered in the opportunity of cultural development. After entering the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system became more complete, and Ji'an entered the prosperous period of cultural prosperity and development, the talent flourished, and the scholar group Yan came out in large numbers. In the imperial examination, the apricot and cinnamon came into being on behalf of the famous people, such as Ouyang Xiu, Hu Quan, and Zhou Bida. Yang Bang, NB, Wen Tianxiang and other scholars of Confucianism and loyalty, their role model is extremely significant in the impact of Ji'an afterschool. Therefore, Ji'an had the title of "the country of righteousness." After the Ming Dynasty, the imperial examination system reached its heyday, and the imperial examination system became the first important way for the country to take the imperial examination. On the basis of the prosperity of the official in Ji'an of Song Dynasty, Ji'an Shizi of Ming Dynasty climbed the peak again in the scientific examination, and got 817 Jin Shi, and the great popularity of those who entered the official office of the department formed the political pattern of "Hanlin Duoji Water, half Jiangxi of Korea Scholars". This paper intends to investigate the Jin Shi group of Ji'an Prefecture in Ming Dynasty, and to show the basic situation of Ji'an Jin Shi Group in Ming Dynasty. Through the overall investigation of the Jin Shi of Ji'an House in Ming Dynasty, it can be found that Ji'an Fu in Ming Dynasty is the most prosperous capital of Jiangxi Kejia, and the number of Jin Shi in the Ming Dynasty is the first of the thirteen provinces in the whole province. Its absolute province is not only the total number of scholars, the number of one year also far ahead of other provinces in the province, and ranked the top in the country. In the Ming Dynasty, the group of Jin Shi of Ji'anfu presented the characteristics of more scholars in the branch, more scholars in the high school, and more officialdom in the first place of the Jin Scholars. In the Ming Dynasty, the number of Jin scholars admitted to Ji'an Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty showed a trend of being the first in the early period and the lowest in the later period. In terms of the regional distribution of the Jin scholars, the distribution of the Jin scholars in the Ji'an Prefecture was also extremely uneven, and the phenomenon of regional concentration of the Jin scholars was very prominent, especially in Luling. Taihe, Jishui, Anfu County for Sheng, other counties are relatively less. The appearance of this difference is closely related to the imbalance of geographical transportation, social economy, cultural tradition and so on. The concept of "Jin Shi family" is derived from the study of regional agglomeration of Jin Shi group in Ji'an Prefecture. This paper makes textual research and statistics on the number of Jin Shi families in Ji'an prefecture in Ming Dynasty, analyzes on the basic characteristics, superior economic conditions, high quality educational resources and cultural atmosphere of the Jin Shi families in Ji'an prefecture in Ming Dynasty, which are the fundamental reasons for bringing up these families. While enjoying the society, the imperial examination brought its own development, at the same time, these Jin Shi family made enormous social and cultural contributions, and had a profound influence on the local society of Ji'an and even on the politics and the current situation of Korea. In the Ming Dynasty, Ji'an had a strong imperial examination strength and competitive power, and developed transportation and economy, official private education, deep imperial examination accumulation and strong imperial examination atmosphere, as well as the development of transportation and economy in the area, the prosperity of official private education, the deep imperial examination accumulation and the strong imperial examination atmosphere. The factors such as the large group and the scholar-officials group are closely related to each other.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248;D691.3

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