基于福利多元主义的沈阳市城市社区居家养老服务产业发展研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 11:48

【摘要】：随着人民生活水平的不断提高,医疗条件的日益改善,人口寿命不断延长,老龄人口急剧增加,养老问题接踵而至。作为较全国提早10年、15年进入老龄化、高龄化社会的沈阳市,每5人中就有1名是老人。一方面,由于独生子女政策的实施加之年轻一代就业结构发生变化,使得传统的家庭养老功能弱化;另一方面,机构养老因其特有的“住院式”、“隔离式”特点,难以满足老年人心理、精神的慰藉需要。社区居家养老服务的产业化道路、市场化运作、商业化管理不仅有利于应对人口老龄化危机,缓解政府财政负担,还可以扩大内需,增加就业,带来新的经济增长点。然而,当前沈阳市城市社区居家养老服务业的发展经营存在诸多问题。归结原因有:政府缺乏必要的政策引导、监督检查以及相应的激励机制,企业养老服务内容的单一性、工作人员的非专业性、服务标准的非完善性,加之社区组织资源闲置、社区志愿者服务性较差及老年人养老支付能力不足等。本文通过借鉴国外发达地区和国内发达城市社区居家养老服务产业发展方面的优势经验,总结出对沈阳市城市社区居家养老服务产业发展的启示,从政府、企业、社区、民众四重主体出发提出各自相应对策:首先政府方面要加大养老监督检查、加强政策扶持引导,并建立相关激励机制、实施产业培训指导;企业方面则要开拓服务项目,提升人员专业素养,完善服务标准并加大评估检查;社区组织要整合现有资源,充分发挥其辅助协调的作用,提供必要支持;社区志愿者开启“时间储蓄”,社区老年人积极参与再就业,保障养老支付能力。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the medical condition is improving day by day, the life span of the population continues to prolong, the aging population increases rapidly, and the problem of old-age support comes one after another. As an aging society, Shenyang is 10, 15 years earlier than the whole country. One out of every 5 people in Shenyang is an old man. On the one hand, due to the implementation of the one-child policy and the changes in the employment structure of the younger generation, the traditional family pension function is weakened; on the other hand, the institutional old-age care system is characterized by "hospitalization" and "isolation". Difficult to meet the psychological and spiritual needs of the elderly. The industrialization road, market operation and commercial management of community home pension service can not only help to deal with the aging crisis of the population, ease the financial burden of the government, but also expand domestic demand, increase employment and bring new economic growth point. However, there are many problems in the development and management of community home-based pension service industry in Shenyang. The reasons are as follows: the government lacks the necessary policy guidance, supervision and inspection and corresponding incentive mechanism, the singularity of enterprise pension service content, the non-professional nature of staff, the imperfection of service standard, and the idle resources of community organization. The service of community volunteers is poor and the old people's ability to pay for the aged is insufficient. In this paper, the author draws lessons from the experience of the development of the home retirement service industry in the developed regions of foreign countries and the developed cities in China, and sums up the enlightenment to the development of the home retirement service industry in the urban communities of Shenyang, from the government, the enterprise, the community, the government, the enterprise, the community, First, the government should strengthen the supervision and inspection of the aged, strengthen the policy support and guidance, establish the relevant incentive mechanism, implement the industrial training guidance, and the enterprise should develop the service project. Improve staff professionalism, improve service standards, and increase evaluation and inspection; community organizations should integrate existing resources, give full play to their role in supporting coordination, and provide necessary support; community volunteers should open "time savings". The elderly in the community actively participate in re-employment to ensure the ability to pay for the aged.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6;F719

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