形式逻辑_古典归纳逻辑的建立和发展

发布时间：2016-11-18 06:32

  本文关键词：古典归纳逻辑的建立和发展，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

归纳逻辑根据其发展的不同阶段,分为古典归纳逻辑和现代归纳逻辑两大部分。英国哲学家培根总结了文艺复兴时期的科研成果,批判吸收了前人的逻辑策略和科学策略论的成果,系统地论述了以“三表法”和“排斥法”为核心的归纳策略,从而奠定了古典归纳逻辑的基础。密尔发展了培根的思想,提出了确定现象间因果联系的策略,成为古典归纳逻辑的集大成者。由培根创立、密尔发展的古典归纳逻辑,对于逻辑学的发展,对于科学技术的发展,对于人类科学思维的正确导向,都有着划时代的意 义。古典归纳逻辑破除了十六七世纪的学术迷信,对未来的科学发现树立了信心,在经验材料的基础上概括出一般性的理论原理,这符合人们认识世界的规律。人类广泛地运用归纳推理来获取知识,这就使得对归纳推理的合理性进行辩护成为重要的不足,并且直接导致了现代归纳逻辑的产生。本文通过对培根及密尔等人的归纳法的综述,系统地论述了古典归纳逻辑的建立和发展。古典归纳逻辑的产生对逻辑和科学的发展具有重要意 义,古典归纳逻辑的创立开始了一个新的时代,即科学实验的时代。尤其是古典归纳逻辑过渡到现代归纳逻辑,在当代的诸多领域,如人工智能、决策论等领域具有重要的应用价值。

【Abstract】 Inductive logic can divided into Classical inductive logic and Modern inductive logic basic on the different stages that it develops .The British philosopher bacon summarized the research result of the Revival of Learning, he absorbed the logic methods and scientific methods of past’s people critically ,and then he brought forward the methods which can confirm the relation of cause and effect of certain phenomenons scientificity , he discussed the inductive methods which core methods are three tables and exclusion methods, thus established the Classical inductive logic .Mill developed bacon’s theories ,he brought forward the methods of making certain the relation of cause and effect ,which made him one of the most important theorists in the developing of the classical inductive logic.Classical inductive logic which established by bacon, developed by mile, has extraordinary important functions to the development of logic, technology and to the thinking of mankind . The Classical inductive logic got rid of learned superstition of 16 and 17 centuries, and set up the confidence to science detection of future. We can generalize general theory principle on the foundation of the experience material, this method accords with the thinking regulation of people to understand the world and comprehend the world, human being can obtain knowledge experience in the use of induce broadly, this make the problem of how to defend the rationality of induce become important, and caused the Modern inductive logic directly.This text presents the establishment and the developments of the Classical inductive logic by expatiation the induction of bacon and mile and ect . Classical inductive logic has great means to the development of logic and science. Classical inductive logic ainitiated a new age, namely the ages science experiment,especially when the Classical inductive logic transited to Modern inductive logic, it impels and directs a good many scopes ,for example the artificial intelligence and decision-making theory .

【关键词】 排除法； 因果联系； 简单枚举； 古典归纳逻辑； 现代归纳逻辑；
【Key words】 Expunction； Cause and effect contact； Enumeration； Classical inductive logic； Modern inductive logic；

  本文关键词：古典归纳逻辑的建立和发展，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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