历史时期黄河流域的环境变迁与城市兴衰

发布时间：2019-05-17 23:11

【摘要】：历史时期黄河流域城市的分布与变迁,与当时的自然环境和社会环境有密切的关系。先秦时期黄河流域的城市大多是在原始聚落基础上发展起来的,其中自然条件较好的,后来就发展成为春秋战国时代各国的都城和重要经济都会,但在布局上主要分布在中游地区。秦汉统一帝国时期,由于运河的开凿,地区间经济联系的加强,黄河中下游地区城市蓬勃发展,是我国封建社会早期城市最发达的时代。魏晋南北朝时期,由于长期战乱,战国秦汉以来的名都和重要城市相继破坏、衰落。隋唐帝国的建立,为黄河流域城市的再度兴起,创造了条件。由于自然环境没有大的变化,其布局和繁荣胜于秦汉。两宋以后,黄河流域环境恶化,再上长期处于战争状态,城市的规模和效应远不如唐代。元明清时代,中国的政治中心和经济重心都东移至东部平原,特别是京杭大运河的开凿,重要城市都分布在大运河一线。城市的规模和经济影响,黄河流域的城市已不及长江流域。
[Abstract]:The distribution and change of cities in the Yellow River Basin during the historical period are closely related to the natural environment and social environment at that time. Most of the cities in the Yellow River Basin in the pre-Qin period were developed on the basis of primitive settlements, among which the natural conditions were better, and later developed into the capitals and important economic cities of all countries in the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period. However, in the layout, it is mainly distributed in the middle reaches of the region. During the unified empire of Qin and Han dynasties, due to the excavation of canals and the strengthening of regional economic ties, the cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River flourished, which was the most developed city in the early feudal society of our country. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, due to the long war, the famous capital and important cities since the warring States period and Qin and Han dynasties destroyed and declined one after another. The establishment of Sui and Tang dynasties created conditions for the resurgence of cities in the Yellow River Basin. Because there is no great change in the natural environment, its layout and prosperity are better than those of Qin and Han dynasties. After the Song Dynasty, the environment of the Yellow River Basin deteriorated and was in a state of war for a long time, and the scale and effect of the city were far less than those of the Tang Dynasty. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, China's political center and economic center of gravity moved east to the eastern plain, especially the excavation of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and important cities were distributed in the front line of the Grand Canal. The scale and economic impact of cities in the Yellow River Basin is no longer as good as that in the Yangtze River Basin.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史地理研究中心
【分类号】：K928.6

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