身份、组织与政治：1938-1958年的宋庆龄和保盟—中福会

发布时间：2018-01-01 20:34

本文关键词：身份、组织与政治：1938-1958年的宋庆龄和保盟—中福会　出处：《复旦大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 保卫中国同盟是宋庆龄1938年在香港创立的抗日救亡组织，它对海内外呼吁抗战、发起募捐，举办工业合作社和各种义演、义卖活动，为中共及其军队提供了大量医药和物资援助，并创办《保卫中国同盟新闻通讯》、《华商报》等刊物，向世界宣传中共的抗战业绩。1941年香港沦陷后，保盟迁至重庆继续募款支援抗日根据地，并致力于救济自然灾害。1945年，保盟改组为中国福利基金会，迁到上海，除继续援助解放区外，主要进行赈济难民和孤儿、救助贫困的文化界人士等工作，演变为一个社会救济机构。新中国成立后，宋庆龄于1950年将中国福利基金会改组为中国福利会，受中央和上海市政府双重领导，主要从事妇女、儿童的福利工作，弥补了初建的新政权无力顾及社会福利的不足；并以福利研究机构的名义创办《中国建设》英文刊物，向国际社会宣传新政权，打破了少数国家对新中国的封锁。随着共和国建立初期一系列政治运动的开展及行政人事的变革，中共党组织在中福会总会及其下属单位逐步建立并完善。到1958年，中国福利会嬗变为中共领导下的一个具有妇幼保健、儿童文化、校外教育、国际宣传等8个机构的文教事业单位。保盟—中福会之所以能历经抗日战争、解放战争及共和国三个不同历史时期、国共两个不同的政治社会体制而延续至今，并为近代中国的社会救济和福利事业做出了自己的独特贡献，除了该组织本身的特殊性外，，还在于宋庆龄的特殊身份及由此所织就的社会权力关系网络的影响力。在这些因素的共同作用下，无论执政的是国民党还是共产党，都对宋庆龄及其领导的保盟—中福会的存在表现出一定程度的包容，这无形中为它营造了一种微妙的政治氛围。正因如此，使得保盟能够在开展社会救济福利的同时支援中共，中福会在中共执政后又能避免被取缔的命运并纳入国家体制继续服务，而宋庆龄的社会思想和实践也在此过程中得以体现。
[Abstract]:Defend the China alliance was founded in Hongkong in 1938 by the Song Qingling Anti Japanese national salvation organization, its fundraising appeal for the overseas war, and various industrial cooperatives, organized charity, charity activities, provide a lot of medicine and material aid to CCP and its army, and founded the China News Alliance to defend the < >, < >, China Daily publications. The performance of.1941 years of war propaganda to the world after the fall of Hongkong, the League moved to Chongqing to continue fundraising to support Anti Japanese base areas, and is committed to the relief of natural disasters.1945 years, the League reorganized as China welfare fund, moved to Shanghai, in addition to continue to provide assistance to Jiefang District, mainly to provide relief for refugees and orphans, poverty relief and cultural circles people work, evolved as a social relief agency. After the founding of new Chinese, Song Qingling in 1950 China welfare fund for the restructuring of Chinese benefits will be under the dual leadership of the central government and the Shanghai municipal government Mainly engaged in women, children, welfare to work, making up for the deficiency of the new regime at the beginning of construction cannot take care of social welfare; and the name of welfare institutions founded China construction > < English publications, publicity of the new regime to the international community, broke a few countries on the new Chinese blockade. With the early establishment of a series of political movements to carry out administrative personnel and the change of Republic of China, Chinese Communist Party organization and its subordinate units in the Malan Flower will gradually establish and perfect. By 1958, Chinese welfare will change under the leadership of a maternal and child health care, children's culture, school education, educational institutions and other 8 international propaganda agencies.
The league has got - after the war, three different historical period of the liberation war and the Republic of China, the two different political and social systems and continues to this day, and made its own unique contributions to modern China social relief and welfare, in addition to the special nature of the organization itself, but also in the special status of Song Qingling the influence of the social fabric and the network power relations. In these factors, whether the ruling party is the Kuomintang and Communist Party, the leadership of Song Qingling and the League - got there showed a certain degree of tolerance, a delicate political atmosphere for it is intangible. Because of this, the environmental protection union at the same time of carrying out social relief and welfare support of the Communist Party of China, got in after the ruling Chinese Communist Party and can avoid the fate of the banned and incorporated into the national system of continued service And Song Qingling's social thought and practice were also embodied in this process.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K827

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