中国城乡贫困变动:2004—2012

发布时间：2018-01-23 04:49

本文关键词： 贫困指数贫困分解 CGSS 经济增长收入分配　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文基于2004—2012年中国综合社会调查数据,根据家庭人均年收入2 300元的国家贫困标准线和"1天1.5美元"的亚洲贫困标准线,使用FGT指数和脱贫时间两种贫困指数评估了我国城乡贫困整体变动趋势,并从城乡和地区、个体和家庭特征层面分解贫困人口构成;也考察了贫困变动的增长效应和收入分配效应;最后定量地分析收入增长的影响因素。结果表明,根据两种贫困标准线,两种贫困指数测度结果一致反映我国贫困人口规模显著减少;按国家贫困标准线,我国城乡贫困发生率下降了8.8%,但到2012年的依然高达8.6%,农村贫困人口平均脱贫时间为5.4年,而相对贫困发生率有所上升。不同地区的贫困变动差异较大,西部地区和中部地区贫困发生率依然高于全国平均水平3.41个百分点和0.22个百分点,贫困强度和贫困深度现象都还较为严重;东部地区的减贫效应十分明显,但贫困人口内部收入差距拉大问题较为突出。经济增长的脱贫效应较为显著,但增长的亲贫性有待提高;城乡、地区和贫困人口内部居民收入差距逐渐拉大,并成为反贫困的严重障碍。外出非农工作经历、性别差异和教育程度是影响收入增长的关键因素。基于此,本文建议反贫政策应瞄准西部地区的教育程度和健康水平较低、家庭规模较大的农村居民,尤其是女性户主家庭,也应加强养老保险、社会帮扶和人力资本投资,形成改善收入分配为重点的社会保障性扶贫政策体系;中部地区可以借助邻近东部地区的地理优势,通过承接产业转移持续实施"开发式扶贫"政策体系;同时,也可将扶贫标准线提高为每人"1天1.5美元"的亚洲贫困线。
[Abstract]:Based on the data of China Comprehensive Social Survey from 2004 to 2012, this paper is based on the national poverty standard line of 2,300 yuan per household per year and the Asian poverty standard line of "US $1.50 a day". Using FGT index and poverty eradication time index, this paper evaluates the overall change trend of urban and rural poverty in China, and decomposes the composition of the poor population from the aspects of urban and rural areas and regions, individual and family characteristics. The growth effect and income distribution effect of poverty change are also investigated. The result shows that according to the two kinds of poverty standard line, the two kinds of poverty index measure results reflect that the scale of the poor population in our country is significantly reduced; According to the national poverty standard line, the incidence of urban and rural poverty in China has decreased by 8.8 percent, but by 2012, the poverty rate is still as high as 8.6 percent. The average time for rural poor people to get out of poverty is 5.4 years. The incidence of relative poverty has increased. There are significant differences in the changes of poverty in different regions. The incidence of poverty in the western and central regions is still higher than the national average of 3.41 percentage points and 0.22 percentage points. The intensity and depth of poverty are still serious; The poverty reduction effect in the eastern region is very obvious, but the problem of widening the internal income gap of the poor population is more prominent, and the effect of economic growth on poverty alleviation is more obvious, but the pro-poverty nature of the growth needs to be improved. The income gap between urban and rural areas, regions and the poor population has gradually widened, and has become a serious obstacle to anti-poverty. The experience of non-farm work, gender difference and education level are the key factors affecting income growth. This paper suggests that the anti-poverty policy should aim at the lower level of education and health in the western region, and strengthen the old-age insurance for rural residents with large families, especially female-headed households. Social support and human capital investment to form a social security poverty alleviation policy system with emphasis on improving income distribution; The central region can carry out the policy system of "development-oriented poverty alleviation" through undertaking the industrial transfer with the help of the geographical advantages of the adjacent eastern region. The poverty line could also be raised to $1.50 a day per person in Asia.
【作者单位】：东南大学经济管理学院;兰州财经大学甘肃商务发展研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“当前中国农村多维贫困的测度与反贫困政策研究”(批准号:11BJL040);国家社会科学基金项目“当前国际环境变化背景下加快我国经济发展方式转变的研究”(批准号:09AZD047) 江苏省普通高校学术学位研究生科研创新计划项目(批准号:KYZZ160100)
【分类号】：F323.8
【正文快照】： 准确评估贫困变动对制定和实施扶贫政策十分重要[1]。由于我国人口众多,对贫困发生率一个细小的低估都将使得大量的城乡居民误归为非贫困群体,最终影响扶贫政策的制定及其效果评估[2]。另一方面,研究贫困状况变动的深层次原因,综合判断贫困人口的地区分布和家庭特征等问题,有

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