我国计划生育奖励扶助政策调整研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 16:46

本文关键词： 计划生育奖励扶助 “全面两孩” 利益导向　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展和人口形势的转变,我国的计划生育政策已经完成了由“提倡一孩”向“全面两孩”的过渡。如果说20世纪七八十年代我国实行计划生育之初时的人口问题是人口基数大、增长速度快,那么,现在我国的人口问题已经转变为人口数量、人口质量和人口结构相互交织的综合性问题。随着社会、经济的发展,我国计划生育工作在取得控制人口增长成就的同时,也出现了人口老龄化、独生子女家庭养老以及失独家庭社会保障等新的问题。计划生育奖励扶助政策作为人口和计划生育政策中十分重要的组成部分,其目的是通过经济手段来影响人们的生育观念,对人们的生育意愿起到一定的引导作用,进而使人们的生育意愿与国家的生育政策保持一致。但是,随着国家生育政策的调整和社会、经济的发展,人们的生育意愿发生了很大变化,生育意愿与生育政策之间的关系发生了逆转。在这种情况下,计划生育奖励扶助政策是否还能起到应有的作用,是否应该做出相应的调整,成为一个值得思考的重大问题。本文通过对我国计划生育奖励扶助政策的系统研究,介绍了政策的形成背景,阐述了奖励扶助政策发展演变过程的萌芽、探索、成型、完善四个发展阶段,对不同时期、不同地区、不同类别的计划生育奖励扶助政策进行了梳理,发现我国现行计划生育奖励扶助政策存在省际差异大、政策奖扶力度小、运行效果差以及奖励扶助政策与普惠政策缺乏有效衔接等问题,在此基础上提出了政策调整的建议,主要包括实行双轨制、加大失独残独家庭扶助力度、建立动态调整机制、进一步延长妇女产假和配偶护理假以及在普惠政策中凸显对按政策生育家庭的优惠等。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the change of population situation. The family planning policy of our country has already completed the transition from "advocating one child" to "all-around two children". With the rapid growth rate, the population problem of our country has been transformed into the comprehensive problem of population quantity, population quality and population structure intertwined. With the development of society and economy. The family planning work in China has achieved the achievement of controlling the population growth, but also appeared the aging of the population. Family planning incentives and support policy as a very important part of the population and family planning policy. Its purpose is to influence people's fertility concept through economic means, to play a guiding role in people's fertility intention, and then to make people's fertility willingness consistent with the national fertility policy. With the adjustment of national fertility policy and the development of society and economy, people's fertility intention has changed greatly, and the relationship between fertility intention and fertility policy has been reversed. Whether the family planning incentive and support policy can still play its due role, and whether it should be adjusted accordingly. This paper introduces the background of the policy through the systematic research on the policy of reward and support for family planning in China, and expounds the germination and exploration of the evolution process of the policy of reward and support. Shaping, perfecting four stages of development, to different periods, different regions, different types of family planning incentives and support policies are combed, found that the current family planning incentives and support policies exist large differences between provinces. The policy award support is small, the operation effect is poor, and the incentive support policy and the inclusive policy lack of effective link and so on. On this basis, some suggestions for policy adjustment are put forward, including the implementation of the dual track system. We should increase support for families without independence, establish dynamic adjustment mechanism, further extend maternity leave and spousal care leave for women, and highlight the preferential treatment for families bearing children in accordance with the policy in the inclusive policy.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.21

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