我国贫富差距代际传承问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 12:06

本文关键词： 政府责任代际传承社会公正　出处：《东北财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来中国的经济发展和财富积累迅速加快和增长,相应地贫富差距日益严重,而该问题一个重要的方面是代际传承问题。贫富差距代际传承的实质是贫富差距的阶层固化,不利于市场经济的发展、社会的和谐稳定,进而影响到民主政治的发展。政府亟需认识到这一问题的重要性,认识到自身的责任,来对这一问题加以解决。本文采用实证研究、对比分析、文献分析等研究方法,首先对贫富差距代际传承的现状以基尼系数和代际收入弹性两个指标为基准进行实证描述,并且从财富继承、教育和就业三个影响因素进行分析。进而,具体阐述贫富差距代际传承在经济、社会以及政治上存在的负面影响,以及政府在消除代际传承问题上的责任及必要性,并且根据中国具体实际情况,对政府在解决贫富差距代际传承问题责任中的不足,具体产生的负面影响进行了原因分析。进而通过对美国、日本和瑞典三个国家的贫富差距代际传承的状况及采取的政策措施进行分析,得出一些有利于中国的经验启示。根据上述分析,论文结合中国的具体实际情况,提出政府应该努力的政策方向和路径。在教育方面,完善教育政策,实现教育均等,扩大和改变教育财政支出政策,均衡教育资源,完善高等学校招生机制,不盲目采取扩招政策,注重提高教育质量;在社会保障方面,建立健全社会保障体系,不断完善社会保障方面的立法,逐步建立覆盖全城乡的社会保障制度;在税收方面,改革个人所得税制度,转变税制结构,开征遗产税,从而解决好代际传承这一问题,实现市场经济的发展,社会的公平与稳定以及促进民主政治的发展。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic development and wealth accumulation have accelerated and increased rapidly, the corresponding gap between rich and poor has become increasingly serious. The essence of the inheritance of the gap between the rich and the poor is the solidification of the stratum of the gap between the rich and the poor, which is not conducive to the development of the market economy and the harmony and stability of the society. And then affect the development of democratic politics. The government urgently needs to realize the importance of this problem and its own responsibility to solve this problem. This paper uses empirical research, comparative analysis. Literature analysis and other research methods, first of all, the status quo of the gap between rich and poor is described empirically based on Gini coefficient and intergenerational income elasticity, and inherited from wealth. Education and employment analysis of three factors. Further, the gap between the rich and poor in the economic, social and political negative impact. And the government in the elimination of the issue of intergenerational inheritance responsibility and necessity, and according to the actual situation in China, the government in the resolution of the gap between the gap between the generation of the responsibility of the lack of responsibility. The specific negative impact of the analysis of the reasons. Then through the United States, Japan and Sweden of the three countries the status of transmission of the gap between the rich and poor and the adoption of policy measures to analyze. According to the above analysis, combining with the actual situation of China, the paper puts forward the policy direction and path that the government should make efforts to improve the education policy. To realize the equality of education, to expand and change the educational expenditure policy, to balance the educational resources, to perfect the enrollment mechanism of colleges and universities, not to blindly adopt the policy of enrollment expansion, and to pay attention to improving the quality of education; In terms of social security, we should establish and improve the social security system, constantly improve the legislation on social security, and gradually establish a social security system covering all urban and rural areas; In the aspect of taxation, we should reform the system of individual income tax, change the structure of tax system and levy inheritance tax, so as to solve the problem of inheritance between generations and realize the development of market economy. Social equity and stability and promote the development of democratic politics.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7;C912.3

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