河南省城乡基本公共服务均等化中的政府责任研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 02:53

本文关键词： 河南省城乡基本公共服务均等化政府责任　出处：《郑州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放三十多年来,社会经济发展迅速,中国开始了由温饱到发展型社会的过渡。在这个阶段,基本公共服务不均等在不同的区域之间、城乡之间以及在不同社会群体之间日益凸显,一系列的社会问题也因此产生。实施基本公共服务城乡均等化是政府在结合我国当前各项事业发展现状下,减少世界金融危机对我国的冲击,减少以出口拉动经济发展的外向型经济依赖,加强城乡统筹,实现全面协调发展而做出的重大战略抉择。中国共产党十八届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议》中也着重提出要增加公共服务供给,并且要从“利益问题”这一人民群众最关心也是最直接和现实的角度入手,努力提高我国公共服务的共建能力和共享水平。“十三五”期间,各级政府应深入贯彻落实共享发展的新理念,认识到加快基本公共服务均等化的重要性。因此各级政府必须要找准位置,明确职责定位,探索解决责任履行不足的对策,这不仅具有深刻的理论意义和现实意义,也是一项创新和挑战。城乡基本公共服务均等化并不是绝对的平均化,而是强调机会平等,它的含义是保证城市居民和农村居民享有对基本公共服务相等的消费权利。提供的公共服务是最低、最基础的,它是维护公平秩序,承担保证市场经济发展责任的重要表现。重点领域包括义务教育、社会保障、医疗卫生、就业服务、公共基础设施、公共文化体育、公共安全、环境保护等方面。经济进步、丰厚的财力、城市化的发展、责任的明晰和治理的民主化是实现均等化的前提条件,其实现途径包括克服财政上的横向和纵向不平衡,提供法律保障和制度保障三个方面。一般来说中央的财力状况优于地方政府,在地方上县市级财政能力又高于乡镇级,可将基本公共服务供给事权上移,以有效解决纵向不平衡问题;财政能力是公共服务能力的重要组成部分,通过财政能力的均等化和收支上的均衡来实现其横向平衡。法律保障主要是指宪法、财政法以及与基本公共服务相关的其他法律法规。制度保障的基础是建设服务型政府,重点是构建和完善公共财政制度,收入分配制度,另一个重要方面是打破城乡二元结构,构建城乡协调发展制度。无论从理论、法律、还是政策角度来考察,政府在实现城乡基本公共服务均等化中都扮演着重要的角色,责任包括:完善城乡公共财政体系,创新公共服务提供方式并实现供给有效性,建立规范的权责分配和问责制,履行法律、生态和社会责任。为贯彻中央战略决策,河南省制定了《河南省基本公共服务体系“十二五”规划》,目的是建立并健全让一亿多人口可以共享改革发展成果的基本公共服务体系,也为政府提出了具体要求。规划做了制度安排,强调工作重心,是这一时期各级政府履行公共服务职责的纲领性文件。在该《规划》的指导下,河南城乡基本公共服务均等化得到了长足发展,但是城乡之间仍然存在着诸多的不平等现象,这当中政府责任履行不足是一项重要原因。目前,均等化中政府责任履行不足主要由于政府重城轻乡,忽视社会公共服务发展的战略思想价值和意义;缺乏稳固均衡的财政分担机制;尚未形成公共服务投入长效机制;权力运行与监督机制不健全。为解决阻碍河南省城乡公共服务均等化的各项问题,实现“十三五”期间发展成果人民共享的愿景,河南省应按照“建机制、补短板、兜底线”原则,重点加强社会事业建设,建立起稳固均衡的财政分担机制、增加公共服务供给;提高共建能力和共享水平;引入市场主体,实现公共产品供给主体多元化;建立行政问责制,加强对公共服务供给的监督;乡镇政府大力推进农村人居环境改善,推动生态文明建设,改变城乡二元体制;推进户籍制度改革和农村精准脱贫攻坚工程,为进城落户农民及其他常住人口平等享受公共服务提供制度保障来解决政府责任履行的不足。
[Abstract]:Thirty years of reform and opening up, the rapid development of economy, China began the transition from subsistence to social development. At this stage, unequal basic public services between different regions, between urban and rural areas and between different social groups has become increasingly prominent, a series of social problems. Therefore the implementation of equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas is the government in the development of various undertakings in light of China's current situation, to reduce the impact of the world financial crisis on China's exports, to reduce the dependence of economic development of export-oriented economy, strengthen urban and rural areas, a major strategic choice to realize the comprehensive coordinated development. Chinese Communist Party in the fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee through the "CPC Central Committee on the development of five years thirteenth planning of national economic and social development advice > also focuses on the proposed to increase the supply of public services, and to benefit from" problem "The people are most concerned about is the most direct and realistic perspective, efforts to improve public services in China to build capacity and sharing level." 13th Five-Year "period, governments at all levels should thoroughly implement the new concept of sharing development, to accelerate the understanding of basic public service equalization. So the importance of governments at all levels must identify position, clear responsibilities positioning, solve the responsibility question countermeasure, which not only has profound theoretical significance and practical significance, but also an innovation and challenges. Urban and rural equalization of basic public services is not absolute average, but emphasize equality of opportunity, it means that city residents and rural residents to enjoy basic public service consumption equal rights. The provision of public services is the lowest, the most basic, it is to maintain a fair order, undertake to ensure the important responsibility of the development of market economy. Including compulsory education, key areas of social security, health care, employment services, public infrastructure, public cultural and sports, public security, environmental protection and other aspects. The progress of economy, rich resources, the development of the city, definite responsibility and governance democratization is the preconditions of the equalization, the approaches include to overcome the horizontal and vertical fiscal imbalance, provide legal support and system protection three aspects. Generally the central financial situation is better than that of the local government, the local county level financial capacity is higher than the township level, the supply of basic public service powers up, in order to effectively solve the problem of longitudinal unbalanced fiscal capacity is an important component; part of the public service ability, through fiscal capacity equalization and the balance of payments to achieve its lateral balance. Legal protection mainly refers to the constitution, and the basic public finance law Other legal services related to the security of the system. The foundation is building a service-oriented government, the key is to construct and perfect the public finance system, income distribution system, another important aspect is to break the two structure in urban and rural areas, constructing the system of coordinated development of urban and rural areas. In terms of theory, law, or policy perspective, the government in the implementation of equal the basic public services in urban and rural areas plays an important role, responsibilities include: improve the rural public finance system, innovating public service and realize effective supply, establish standardized distribution of responsibilities and accountability, fulfill the law, ecological and social responsibility. In order to implement the central strategic decision, Henan province has formulated the "basic public the service system of Henan Province in 12th Five-Year" plan >, the purpose is to establish and improve the system of basic public services so that more than 100000000 people can share the fruits of reform and development, but also for the government The specific requirements. The planning made institutional arrangements, stressed that the focus of the work, is a programmatic document for this period of the implementation of public service functions of the government at all levels. In the < > Planning under the guidance of the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas of Henan has made considerable progress, but between urban and rural areas still exist in many inequalities, this the government responsibility is an important reason. At present, the equalization of the government responsibility in the underdelivered due to government heavily City Light Township, ignore the strategic thinking of the value and significance of the development of social public services; lack of financial stability has not yet formed a balanced sharing mechanism; public service mechanism; power operation and supervision mechanism is not perfect in order to solve the problem of obstacles. The urban and rural public service equalization in Henan Province, "13th Five-Year" people can share the fruits of development vision, Henan province should be in accordance with the "building mechanism, compensation Short board, bottom line "principle, focus on strengthening the social construction, establish a solid balanced fiscal allocation mechanism, increase the supply of public services; improve the ability and level of construction and sharing; the introduction of the main body of the market, realize the diversification of the main body of public goods supply; the establishment of administrative accountability system, strengthen the supervision of the supply of public services; the township government vigorously promote rural living to improve the environment, promote the construction of ecological civilization, the change of two yuan in urban system; promote the reform of household registration system and rural precise poverty alleviation project, as farmers settled in the city and other resident population equal access to public services and provide an institutional guarantee to solve the lack of government responsibility.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D630

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