中国住房反向抵押贷款发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 17:43

本文关键词： 老龄化住房反向抵押贷款发展　出处：《广西大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2000年中国提前进入了老年化社会,老年问题日益突出,老年人的生活状况、生活水平备受社会关注。大部分老年人退休后会因收入降低而导致生活水平下降,生活品质下降。虽然政府已连续十一年提高养老金额度,但仍不能彻底解决养老金水平低的问题。巨大的养老金缺口,以及人数庞大的老年人群,给政府的财政造成了较大的压力。住房反向抵押贷款是一种金融创新产品,此种新型借贷方式,简称"以房养老"、"倒按揭",可作为社会养老保险的补充,对保障、提升老人退休后的生活水平,缓解社会保障及财政压力,完善社会保险制度,应对老龄化挑战等具有重要意义。现住房反向抵押贷款发展得比较成熟的美国、加拿大、新加坡等发达国家,都有多年的发展历程,积累了较多可供借鉴的经验。中国由于政策法规、思想意识、宏观环境等多种因素影响,住房反向抵押贷款的发展较为滞缓,虽然进行过实践尝试,但均成效平平,业务模式、发展途径均有待探索。本文通过分析中国住房反向抵押贷款的发展现状,结合国外成功经验与国内的失败案例,提出现住房反向抵押贷款发展主要存在的问题主要包括政府定位不够明确、顶层设计缺失,风险防控方式有待加强等。对于促进住房反向抵押贷款的发展,提出几点建议:一是政府需要积极起主导推动作用,为住房反向抵押贷款给予信用支持,制定与住房反向抵押贷款相适应的配套政策,针对性、多样化的开展宣传,转变国民对养老的思想认识;二是积极发展金融业,深入改革,提倡创新,促进混业经营的早日实现和资产证券化的快速发展;三是通过新科技,引入健康大数据和动态房产评估方式,减少长寿风险和房产价值评估风险。同时,根据我国的基本国情和住房反向抵押贷款发展的情况,设计了三种业务模式,为住房反向抵押贷款业务模式设计提供参考。
[Abstract]:In 2000, China entered an aging society ahead of schedule. The problem of old age is becoming increasingly prominent, and the living conditions of the elderly have become increasingly prominent. The standard of living is of great concern to society. Most elderly people will suffer a decline in their living standards and quality of life as a result of lower income after retirement. Although the government has raised pension quotas for 11 consecutive years. But the problem of low pension levels, a huge pension gap, and a large number of elderly people will still not be solved once and for all. The reverse mortgage of housing is a kind of financial innovation product. This new type of loan, called "housing for the aged", "reverse mortgage", can be used as the supplement of the social endowment insurance. To safeguard, raise the living standard of old people after retirement, alleviate social security and financial pressure, perfect social insurance system. Facing the challenge of aging is of great significance. Developed countries such as the United States, Canada, Singapore and other developed countries, which have developed the reverse mortgage of housing, have many years of development. Because of the influence of policies and regulations, ideology, macro environment and other factors, the development of housing reverse mortgage loan is slow, although it has been tried in practice. However, the results are mediocre, the business model and the way of development are to be explored. This paper analyzes the current situation of China's housing reverse mortgage loan, combined with the successful experience of foreign countries and domestic failure cases. Put forward the main problems of housing reverse mortgage development, including the lack of clear government positioning, lack of top-level design, risk prevention and control methods need to be strengthened to promote the development of housing reverse mortgage loan. Put forward a few suggestions: first, the government needs to actively play a leading role in promoting the housing reverse mortgage loans to provide credit support, formulate matching policies suitable for housing reverse mortgage loans, targeted. Diversification of publicity to change the national awareness of the idea of old-age; Second, actively develop the financial industry, deepen the reform, advocate innovation, and promote the early realization of mixed operation and the rapid development of asset securitization; Third, through the new technology, the introduction of healthy big data and dynamic real estate evaluation to reduce the risk of longevity and real estate value evaluation risk. At the same time, according to the basic conditions of China and the development of reverse mortgage housing. Three business models are designed to provide reference for the design of reverse mortgage business model.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F299.23;F832.4

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