论“宅基地换房”中农民权益的法律保护

发布时间：2018-02-13 17:46

本文关键词： 宅基地换房土地流转补偿安置增值收益社会保障　出处：《福建师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济发展,城乡利益格局出现了新的变化。为满足城镇发展对土地和资金的需求,突破农村宅基地只增不减的瓶颈,各地纷纷推出自上而下、政府主导的宅基地换房改革,宅基地换房是指农民用宅基地使用权及地上附着物换取小城镇安置房,原有的宅基地收归集体复垦,对节余的土地再流转的行为。作为一种探索中的土地改革,其外发性的特征和土地资源的先天利益冲动,决定了其在执行过程中很容易侵害农民权益,使流转利益向城市而非农村倾斜,可能带来的社会风险不容忽视。本文从“弱势群体农民权益保护”的角度出发,运用文献研究法、比较研究法、实证分析法,总结试点中的现存问题并提出若干建议,充分意识到改革能否成功的关键在于平衡政府、集体和农民三者的利益。其中,提高农民参与的积极性,使农民切实获益才是问题的核心所在。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分：宅基地换房的内涵与法学分析。该部分介绍了宅基地换房的内涵和基本操作流程,分析存在的理论基础,总结其中的民事、行政、经济法律关系,根据置换前后土地权属的变化,将本质界定为集体土地内部用途整理和新型征收。第二部分：宅基地换房的依据与实践现状。该部分对宅基地换房这一改革探索产生的现实背景和战略背景进行介绍,梳理中央及地方的相关法规政策,重点介绍天津“华明镇”模式的典型实践,结合嘉兴、成都、北京等其他探索模式,为下文发现问题奠定基础。第三部分：宅基地换房中农民权益保护的现存问题。该部分从农民意志体现不充分,置换办法内容合理性不足,增值收益分配有失均衡,社会保障供给不足等方面对宅基地换房的现存问题进行阐述,认识到弱势群体之所以弱势往往在于话语权不足,要保障农民权益还有待进一步完善改革。第四部分：宅基地换房中农民权益的法律保护建议。本部分针对前文提出的问题,提出若干解决建议。一是提升换房中农民的参与度,基于民事主体的平等性,赋予农民参与换房和如何换房的最终决定权。二是增强宅基地换房办法的合理性,调整补偿办法明确救济途径。三是建立宅基地换房增值收益分配机制,赋予政府、集体、农民民主协商利益的可能性。四是强化宅基地换房农民的社会保障,以渐进性的方式逐步推进农村社保内容。五是完善宅基地换房的配套措施,明晰权属登记,落实规划管制。六是健全宅基地换房相关法律法规,修改现行不相适应的法规,适时出台换房具体立法,最重要的还是在法律实施过程中提升行政队伍的依法办事能力。
[Abstract]:With the economic development of our country, new changes have taken place in the pattern of urban and rural interests. In order to meet the demand of urban development for land and capital, and to break through the bottleneck of only increasing and decreasing the number of rural homestead, all over the country have introduced top-down from top to bottom one after another. Government led the reform of homestead exchange, homestead exchange means that farmers use the right to use homestead and objects attached to the ground in exchange for small town housing, and the original homestead is reclaimed by collective reclamation. As a kind of land reform under exploration, its externality and innate interest impulse of land resources determine that it is easy to infringe the rights and interests of farmers in the process of implementation. The social risks that may be brought about by skewing the benefit of circulation to the city rather than the countryside can not be ignored. From the angle of "protecting the rights and interests of the peasants of the vulnerable group", this paper applies the literature research method, the comparative research method and the empirical analysis method. Summing up the existing problems in the pilot project and putting forward a number of recommendations, fully aware that the key to the success of the reform lies in balancing the interests of the government, the collective and the peasants, among which, the enthusiasm of farmers for participation is enhanced, This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: the connotation and legal analysis of homestead exchange. This part introduces the connotation and basic operation flow of homestead exchange. Analyzing the theoretical basis of existence, summing up the civil, administrative, economic and legal relationships among them, according to the changes of land ownership before and after the replacement, This part defines the essence as the consolidation of collective land internal use and new expropriation. The second part: the basis and practice of homestead exchange. This part introduces the realistic background and strategic background of the reform and exploration of the homestead exchange. Combing the relevant laws and regulations of the central and local governments, focusing on the typical practice of the "Huaming Town" model in Tianjin, combining with other exploration models such as Jiaxing, Chengdu, Beijing, etc. The third part: the existing problems in the protection of farmers' rights and interests in the homestead exchange. This part reflects the insufficient will of the farmers, the replacement method is not reasonable enough, the distribution of value-added income is out of balance. From the aspects of insufficient supply of social security and other aspects, this paper expounds the existing problems of house land exchange, and recognizes that the weak groups often lie in the lack of the right to speak. To protect the rights and interests of farmers need to be further improved and reformed. Part 4th: suggestions on the legal protection of farmers' rights and interests in house exchange. In this part, some suggestions are put forward to solve the problems raised above. One is to enhance the participation of farmers in the exchange of houses. Based on the equality of civil subjects, the farmers are given the final decision to participate in the change of houses and how to change houses. The second is to strengthen the rationality of the method of changing houses on the homestead. The third is to establish the distribution mechanism of the value-added income of the homestead exchange, to endow the government, the collective and the farmers with the possibility of democratic negotiation of benefits, and fourth, to strengthen the social security of the homestead farmers. The contents of social security in rural areas should be gradually promoted in a gradual manner. Fifth, it is necessary to improve the supporting measures for housing exchange on homestead, clarify the registration of tenure, and implement planning and control. Sixth, it is necessary to improve the relevant laws and regulations on housing exchange and revise the existing laws and regulations that are not suitable for them. Timely introduction of specific legislation, the most important thing is in the implementation of the law to enhance the administrative team's ability to handle affairs according to law.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2;D922.3

【参考文献】