宪法视角下失地农民权利保障问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 04:25

本文关键词： 失地农民宪法权利土地征收社会保障　出处：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国宪法规定了公民的基本权利,对公民基本权利的保护是现代法治社会的本质与核心,也是宪法与宪政的宗旨和精髓①。因此,确认、维护和保障公民的基本权利,是现代化进程中的重要任务和目标,也是我国法治社会进程中的重要环节。随着我国城市化、工业化的快速发展,农村的土地被大幅度地征用,大量失地农民随之产生,而且失地农民的数量每年都在快速地增加。据统计,目前我国的失地农民数量已经达到7000万,每年因征地而新增的失地农民数量在400万左右,他们失去的不仅是其赖以生存的土地,更是与其土地相关的财产权、劳动就业权、社会保障权等一系列的基本权利。由于长期存在的城乡二元体制、不合理的土地征收制度和不健全的社会保障制度等因素,导致我国失地农民的基本权利得不到有效地保护,失地农民逐渐成了城市化进程中的弱势群体,在社会的最底层挣扎。如何保障失地农民的权利己成为贯彻实施宪法、实现社会公平、构建社会主义和谐社会所必须研究和解决的重要课题。本文从宪法的角度,以宪法赋予公民的基本权利为核心,将失地农民的权利保障作为研究对象,采用理论与实际相结合、宏观与微观相结合、比较分析等方法进行研究。首先,依据宪法和法律对失地农民的法律概念作了明确的界定,并列举了保障失地农民权利的宪法依据,在此基础上分析了保障失地农民权利的宪法意义。其次,分析了我国失地农民权利保障缺失的现状,例如：生活水平下降,再就业比较困难,养老保障、医疗保障严重缺失等,并从我国目前的城乡二元社会经济体制、土地征收补偿制度和社会保障制度为着眼点,剖析了失地农民权利缺失的原因。最后,针对失地农民权利缺失的原因,笔者提出了进行户籍制度改革、完善社会保障制度体系建设、加强失地农民的再就业等相关建议和对策。希望借此能为我国失地农民问题的解决提供一点理论帮助,并为更好地保障失地农民的权利贡献出自己的一份力量。
[Abstract]:The protection of the basic rights of citizens is the essence and core of the modern society ruled by law, as well as the purpose and essence of the constitution and constitutionalism. It is an important task and goal in the process of modernization and also an important link in the process of ruling by law in our country. With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in our country, land in rural areas has been requisitioned by a large margin, and a large number of land-lost peasants have been produced. Moreover, the number of land-lost farmers is increasing rapidly every year. According to statistics, the number of land-lost farmers in China has reached 70 million at present, and the number of new land-lost farmers due to land requisition is about 4 million each year. What they have lost is not only the land on which they depend for their survival, but also a series of basic rights related to their land property rights, the right to employment, the right to social security, and so on. As a result of the long-standing dual urban-rural system, The unreasonable land expropriation system and the imperfect social security system lead to the lack of effective protection of the basic rights of the landless peasants, and the landless peasants have gradually become the vulnerable groups in the process of urbanization. How to protect the rights of landless peasants has become an important subject for the implementation of the Constitution, the realization of social justice and the construction of a harmonious socialist society. Taking the basic rights granted by the Constitution as the core, taking the protection of the rights of landless peasants as the research object, the author adopts the methods of combining theory with practice, macro and micro, comparative analysis and so on. According to the constitution and law, this paper defines the legal concept of land-lost farmers, and enumerates the constitutional basis of protecting the rights of landless peasants, and then analyzes the constitutional significance of protecting the rights of landless peasants. This paper analyzes the current situation of the loss of the rights of landless peasants in China, such as the decline of living standard, the difficulty of re-employment, the serious lack of old-age security and medical security, and from the current dual social and economic system of urban and rural areas in China. Based on the compensation system of land expropriation and the social security system, this paper analyzes the reasons for the lack of the rights of the landless peasants. Finally, the author puts forward the reform of the household registration system in view of the reasons for the lack of the rights of the landless peasants. Improving the construction of social security system, strengthening the re-employment of landless farmers and other relevant suggestions and countermeasures. I hope this can provide some theoretical help for solving the problem of land-lost farmers in our country. And for better protection of the rights of land-losing farmers to contribute their own strength.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D921;D922.3

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