我国耕地保护区域性经济补偿法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 21:22

本文关键词： 耕地保护区域性经济补偿外部性地票　出处：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：耕地保护的区域性经济补偿,是指获取耕地保护正外部性(经济效益、生态效益、社会效益)相关区域的主体,向产生该效益相关区域的主体所给付的经济上的补偿。正外部性是指一个经济主体的行为使其他经济主体受益,而受益者无须付出相关代价的情况。以是否生成经济、生态和社会效益为标准,可以将生成该效益的划分为供益区,反之,将消耗该效益的划分为受益区。我国中央系列政策和法律在耕地保护经济补偿方面都作了相应的规定。从经济补偿的实践来看,主要体现为中央对地方或者地方性财政转移支付。但是由于财政转移支付只体现了对农业生产过程的补贴,对耕地的正外部性补贴不充足。其次,种粮不赚钱,导致农户弃荒严重,而且未发展成为区域性的耕地保护补偿机制。这些问题直接对我国耕地红线和粮食安全产生巨大的冲击。耕地保护补偿引入经济学中的外部性理论作为其理论基础。耕地保护的外部性效益包括粮食安全效益、社会保障效益和生态保育效益三类。但是由于在市场交易中,这些隐藏在背后的外部性效益未能体现,从而产生其他地区免费享受该效益问题。这是导致出现我国耕地保护问题的根本原因,即外部性未内部化。为此,亟需建立区域性的耕地保护经济补偿机制。通过考察英国、美国、加拿大和日本四国在耕地保护补偿方面的具体制度措施,得到四点启示:一是将经济补偿作为主要激励方式;二是采取多元化的补偿模式,以获得更多的补偿金来源;三是注重耕地保护的社会效益和生态效益;四是需要政府参与。在区域性的耕地保护补偿里存在经济和非经济性质的补偿。文章试图建立一种市场化的耕地地票制度来促进区域性经济补偿的实现。耕地地票化是指将耕地面积指标化的过程,其价值目标在于实现公平和效率价值,其正当性源于我国耕地保护补偿制度,其可行性在于:有我国相关政策和法律的驱动;我国主体功能区制度和土地用途管制制度的推动;以及耕地地票有效率,且易于被接受。我国耕地保护区域性经济补偿实行耕地地票制度的内容设计方面,涵盖了耕地地票交易的前提、主体、耕地地票的产生与折算、运行和保障机制。其前提为建立全国性的统一的地票交易市场;交易的主体为省一级地方政府;耕地地票的产生与折算是通过一些科学的计算法则而得出,涉及到单位面积产出多少耕地保护正外部性效益和单位个人消耗多少耕地保护外部效益两个平均值。在交易运行方面,涉及交易程序、收益分配、耕地地票交易后的使用、交易周期等问题。在保障机制方面,建议制定严格的耕地地票核准机制和设定最低保护价机制。
[Abstract]:The regional economic compensation for cultivated land protection refers to the main body of the regions concerned with obtaining positive externalities (economic, ecological and social benefits) of cultivated land protection, Positive externality is a situation in which the behavior of one economic entity benefits other economic agents without having to pay the associated cost to generate the economy, Ecological and social benefits can be divided into benefit areas, otherwise, The economic compensation for cultivated land protection has been stipulated in the series of policies and laws of the central government. From the point of view of the practice of economic compensation, This is mainly reflected in the central government's fiscal transfer payment to the local or local governments. However, as the fiscal transfer payment only reflects the subsidy to the agricultural production process, the positive and external subsidies to the cultivated land are not sufficient. Secondly, grain planting does not make money. As a result of the abandonment of famine by farmers, Moreover, it has not developed into a regional compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection. These problems have a direct impact on the red line of cultivated land and food security in China. The compensation for cultivated Land Protection and compensation is based on the theory of externality in economics. Foundation. The external benefits of cultivated land protection include the benefits of food security, There are three types of benefits for social security and ecological conservation. However, because in market transactions, these hidden externalities cannot be reflected. This is the root cause of the problem of cultivated land protection in China, that is, the externality is not internalized. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a regional economic compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection. The specific institutional measures of the United States, Canada and Japan in the field of compensation for cultivated land protection have four enlightenments: one is to take economic compensation as the main incentive mode, the other is to adopt a diversified compensation model to obtain more sources of compensation. Third, pay attention to the social and ecological benefits of cultivated land protection; Fourth, government participation is needed. There are economic and non-economic compensation in regional cultivated land protection compensation. This paper attempts to establish a market-oriented farmland land ticket system to promote the realization of regional economic compensation. Voting refers to the process by which the cultivated land area is indexed. The goal of its value is to realize the value of fairness and efficiency, and its legitimacy originates from the compensation system of cultivated land protection in our country. Its feasibility lies in the drive of relevant policies and laws of our country, the promotion of the system of main function area and the system of land use control in our country. And the cultivated land ticket is efficient and easy to be accepted. The content design of the cultivated land ticket system for the regional economic compensation of cultivated land protection in China covers the premise, the main body, the production and conversion of the cultivated land ticket. Operation and safeguard mechanism. Its premise is to establish a national unified land ticket trading market; the main body of the transaction is the provincial local government; the production and conversion of cultivated land tickets are obtained through some scientific calculation rules. Two average values of positive externalities related to how much cultivated land is produced per unit area and how much cultivated land is consumed per person to protect external benefits. In terms of transaction operation, it involves transaction procedures, income distribution, and the use of cultivated land tickets after trading. In the aspect of safeguard mechanism, it is suggested to establish strict approval mechanism of land ticket for cultivated land and to set minimum protective price mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.32

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