城乡一体化背景下的社会保障制度整合与优化研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 05:15

本文选题：城镇化　切入点：农民工　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,伴随着工业化进程加速,我国城镇化经历了一个起点低、速度快的发展过程。2015年,以常住人口衡量的城镇化率已经达到了56.1%,但户籍人口的城镇化率相对较低。很多研究表明我国目前56.1%的城镇化率并没有反映真实的城镇化程度,这主要是因为大量进城农民工虽然已经全职非农,长期在城市工作、生活,但是缺乏市民身份认同,不能与城市居民享受同等的就业、社会保障、医疗卫生等公共服务,没有实现“市民化”。由于人的城镇化与城镇化进程不同步,带来了包括“城市病”、“农村病”等在内的一系列弊端,成为制约我国城镇化持续、健康、有序发展的最突出矛盾。从国际上城镇化的经验来看,我国城镇化的任务仍未完成,当前及今后一个时期,城镇化率仍将保持一个较高的增长水平,农村劳动力还将进一步向城市集聚。因此,应当顺应城镇化发展趋势要求,加快调整相关政策制度,加快推进农民工市民化。农民工市民化的最大难点是社会保障问题,直接决定了他们能否在城镇留的下来,扎的住根。一方面,相当一部分农民工群体在非正规部门就业,工作不稳定、收入波动大,不易为城镇社会保障制度所覆盖。另一方面,我国社会保障制度自身城乡分治、条块分割的特点,与城乡一体化背景下农民工在城乡之间、不同地区之间频繁流动的现状不相适应。此外,随着农村剩余劳动力不断向城镇地区、非农产业转移,农村地区家庭“空巢化”问题突出,也需要调整现有社会保障制度加以应对。作为经济社会发展的“稳定器”、“安全阀”,社会保障制度是统筹城乡经济社会发展的一个重要突破口。因此,适应国家新型城镇化发展战略的要求,研究社会保障制度的整合与优化问题,以及社会保障成本等财税问题,对于实现社会保障制度与城镇化进程的良性互动,促进社会保障事业的城乡统筹发展具有十分重要的意义。本文围绕城乡一体化的发展目标,通过对现行社会保障制度的全面剖析,提出以就业保障政策、基本养老保险、基本医疗保险和社会救助等为重点,加快整合与优化社会保障制度的政策建议。同时,对于农民工市民化这新型城镇化核心任务的社会保障成本进行了测算,并提出了配套的政策措施。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, along with the acceleration of industrialization, China's urbanization has experienced a low starting point, rapid development process. 2015, The urbanization rate measured by the resident population has reached 56.1 percent, but the urbanization rate of the household registration population is relatively low. Many studies show that China's current urbanization rate of 56.1% does not reflect the true degree of urbanization. This is mainly due to the fact that a large number of migrant workers in cities already work full-time, work and live in the city for a long time, but they lack the identity of citizens and cannot enjoy the same public services as urban residents, such as employment, social security, medical and health care, etc. Because people's urbanization and urbanization process are out of step, which brings a series of malpractices including "urban disease", "rural disease" and so on, it has become a restriction on the sustained and healthy urbanization of our country. The most prominent contradiction of orderly development. Judging from the international experience of urbanization, the task of urbanization in China has not yet been completed. At present and in the future, the urbanization rate will remain at a relatively high level of growth. Therefore, we should adapt to the trend of urbanization, speed up the adjustment of relevant policies and systems, and speed up the promotion of the urbanization of migrant workers. The biggest difficulty in the urbanization of migrant workers is the social security problem. On the one hand, a considerable number of migrant workers are employed in the informal sector, their jobs are unstable, and their incomes fluctuate greatly. On the other hand, they are not easily covered by the urban social security system. The social security system of our country itself is divided into urban and rural areas, which is not suitable for the current situation of frequent flow of migrant workers between urban and rural areas and different regions under the background of urban-rural integration. With the continuous transfer of surplus rural labor to urban areas and non-agricultural industries, the problem of "empty nesting" of families in rural areas is prominent. It is also necessary to adjust the existing social security system to deal with it. As a "stabilizer" and "safety valve" for economic and social development, the social security system is an important breakthrough in coordinating the economic and social development of urban and rural areas. To meet the requirements of the new urbanization development strategy, to study the integration and optimization of the social security system, as well as the financial and tax issues such as the cost of social security, are helpful to realize the positive interaction between the social security system and the urbanization process. It is of great significance to promote the overall development of urban and rural areas of social security undertakings. This paper, focusing on the development goal of urban and rural integration, puts forward the employment security policy and basic old-age insurance, through the comprehensive analysis of the current social security system. With the emphasis on basic medical insurance and social assistance, the policy recommendations for speeding up the integration and optimization of the social security system have been put forward. At the same time, the cost of social security for the core task of urbanization of migrant workers, that is, the urbanization of migrant workers, has been calculated. And put forward supporting policy measures.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.1

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