政府社会保障养老保险“碎片化”的公平问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 08:00

本文选题：养老保障碎片化　切入点：弃保　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：养老保障制度关系着千家万户的切身利益,作为国家长治久安的基础性制度,是维系市场经济健康发展最重要的稳定机制。世界各国都十分重视建立完善稳定的社会保障体系,一些西方发达国家,经过长时间的探索与完善,已逐渐形成一套比较健全的体制,为老年人高质量的晚年生活提供了良好的社会保障。在我国,拥有良好的养老保障是中国老百姓的“中国梦”所不可缺少的内容,但是由于我国的社会保障体制呈现出“碎片化”的状态,这个梦想正遭遇或主动或被动“弃保”的严峻挑战,2013年“弃保”的人数就达到3800万,这已经接近城镇参保人数的一成多,汹涌的“弃保”潮反应出我国养老保障制度的运行尚不如意,依然存在许多问题,这些问题如不尽快解决,养老保障这张安全网不迅速补全将给我国社会的稳定埋下重大隐患。当前我国社会保障体系还在一个探索发展的过程中,我国养老保险的发展演变也取得了很大的成就,发挥了很大的功能。但同时我们也应清醒客观的意识到我国的养老保险体系还是非常不成熟的呈现出“碎片化”,存在着很多严重的缺陷。“碎片化”的养老保险是否能达到广覆盖?是否能保证公正平等?是否能成为可持续的长期运行机制?这三个问题是本研究的核心问题。(1)对我国养老保险覆盖面的研究,我国目前城镇社会保障的覆盖面一直在不断扩大,但农村社会保障由于刚刚起步,还存在着极大的空缺。我们一直在提倡“广覆盖”的社会保障目标,现在甚至发展为“全覆盖”的社保体系建设目标。在我国农业大国的国情下,农业人口占到我国居民总人口的极大比例,要做到广覆盖、全覆盖必须要将这一广大群体纳入科学合理的社保体系内。而目前农村居民社保的缺失这一现象的原因及对策都值得我们思考。(2)对我国养老保险体制内外公平性的研究,主要是基于对我国养老保障体系“双轨制”甚至“多轨制”对公平性进行分析研究,对不同群体不同身份下养老保险的缴纳、领取进行对比、论述。“双轨制”与我国养老保险公平的原则不符,这一体制肯定要被废除,但如何进行科学合理的调整还有待研究。(3)对我国养老保险可持续性问题的研究,主要对我国养老保险各地区之间流通困难,统筹层次太低的问题以及养老金的增值保值进行分析研究。在当前地方政府各自为营的养老体系下,不利于养老保险的全国统筹,从而使个体养老保险不具有可持续性,而只有完成全国的统一统筹,使社保的转移续接成为可能,养老保险才有公信力。此外,我国养老金的管理与运作也存在着明显问题,养老金作为退休人员的基本生活保障,只有保值增值才能使社会保障系统健康稳定的运行下去。只有我国的社会保障体系具有了长期运行的可持续性,才能维持社会的稳定秩序。我国社会保障“碎片化”具体体现在城乡社保二元化、机关事业单位与企业社保双轨并存、社会保障统筹层次过低。要消除我国社会保障的“碎片化”就必须进行改革与完善,使城乡社保“一体化”,让机关事业单位与企业社保“并轨”,提高社会保障的统筹层次,完善养老金的投资与管理。
[Abstract]:The old-age security system relates to the vital interests of thousands of households, as a basic system of the national long period of stability, stability is the most important mechanism to maintain the healthy development of the market economy. The world attaches great importance to establish and improve the stability of the social security system, some western developed countries, through the exploration and improvement of long time, has gradually formed a relatively sound system, provide a good social security for elderly people with high quality of life. In our country, have a good pension security is essential to Chinese people "Chinese dream" content, but because of China's social security system shows the "fragmentation" of the state, this dream is suffering or challenges active or passive "bail", in 2013 the number of "bail" reached 38 million, which is close to the number of participating towns of more than 10%, a powerful "bail" anti surge Should China's old-age security system running is unsatisfactory, there are still many problems, these problems are not resolved as soon as possible, the old-age security of the safety net is not rapid completion to the stability of our society become a major hidden danger. Currently China's social security system an exploratory development process, the development of pension the evolution of insurance in China has made great achievements, play a very important function. But at the same time we should also be clearly aware of the objective and the pension system in China is still very immature showing "fragmentation", there are many serious defects. "If the fragmentation of the pension can achieve wide cover? Whether it can guarantee equality? Whether can become a long-term sustainable operation mechanism? These three questions are the core issues of this study. (1) to study the coverage of endowment insurance in our country, China's current urban social security The coverage has been expanding, but because of the rural social security system has just started, there is a great gap. We have been advocating "wide coverage" of the social security goal, now even for the development of the goal of building a social security system covering the whole "in our country. The major agricultural conditions of China, the agricultural population accounts for the vast proportion to residents of China's total population, to achieve wide coverage, full coverage must be the majority of the population into the scientific and reasonable social security system. The reasons and Countermeasures of lack of social security of rural residents of this phenomenon are worthy of our consideration. (2) research on the fairness of the inside and outside of China's pension insurance system, the main study on the equity of China's old-age security system of the" dual track "or" multi track system "based on the payment of old-age insurance in different groups of different identities, for comparison, discusses the" dual track. "Inconsistent with the endowment insurance in our country, the principle of fairness, the system must be abolished, but how to carry out scientific and reasonable adjustment remains to be studied. (3) research on the sustainability of pension insurance in China, mainly between the various regions of China's endowment insurance difficult circulation, analysis of the overall level is too low. The problem and pension value. In the current local government for their own business pension system, pension insurance is not conducive to the national co-ordination, so that individual endowment insurance is not sustainable, and only complete unified coordinating the national, social security transfer continued as possible, endowment insurance have credibility. In addition, management with the operation of China's pension also has significant problems, as pension retiree basic life safeguard, only the value of the social security system in order to make a healthy and stable run down. Only I In the social security system has a sustainable long-term operation, in order to maintain the stability of social order. Social security "fragmentation" in China embodied in the urban and rural social security two yuan, two institutions and enterprise social security coexist, social security level is too low. To eliminate China's social security "fragmentation" we must reform and perfect, make urban and rural social security integration, let the social security organs and institutions and enterprises merger, improve the overall level of social security, improve the investment and management of pension.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F842.67

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