云蒙湖水源地农户生计问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 07:08

本文选题：水源地　切入点：生计资本　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水资源安全是影响我国生态安全的重要问题之一。我国水资源具有时空分布不均匀、人均占有量少、人类活动影响显著等诸多特点,加之我国经济社会迅速发展导致水资源供需矛盾突出,水资源污染严重。设立水资源保护区,加强水资源保护,是确保我国生态安全的重要举措之一。但是对于依赖自然保护区进行生产和生活的农户而言,水资源保护区的建立会对当地农户产生巨大影响。由于农户的生产和生活方式受到保护区规章制度的严格限制,农户生计问题受到制约,最终在短期内形成了水资源保护区的建设与当地农户生计“互不相容”的局面。如何解决上游“吃饭”和下游“喝水”的问题,最终形成水源保护和农户生计长期“相互依赖”的局面,是政府和社会各界关注的焦点问题。本文以云蒙湖水源地保护区为例,探究水源地保护区农户的生计问题。本文在对山东省蒙阴县云蒙湖水源地保护区周边农户实地调研基础上,采用参与性农户评估方法(PRA)进行农户调查以获取相关数据,借助英国国际发展部(DFID)开发的可持续生计分析框架,从人力资本、自然资本、金融资本、物质资本和社会资本五个方面分析农户生计资本和生计活动特征,探讨保护区当地农户生计问题,最终得出以下三个结论:(1)云蒙湖水源地保护区农户生计资本中五项生计指标的指标数以及生计资本总指数均落后于蒙阴县普通农户。水源地保护区的设立,对农户生计产生一定影响。但是,目前的生态补偿政策对保护区农户的帮助有限,因此应当进一步完善生态补偿政策。(2)云蒙湖水源地保护区农户生计活动产生转变。农户的生计活动由传统的种养业向非农产业转变:农户以种植业和畜牧养殖业为主转变为外出打工、做零活、经商为主,种植业为辅的生计活动方式。(3)云蒙湖水源地保护区农户的生计活动多样性大大增加但多样化指数仍低于蒙阴县普通农户。水源地保护区农户由于受保护政策的影响,为了满足其生活需要,农户不得不增加生计方式,重新设定生计组合策略。但是受资源禀赋、教育情况、社会资源等多项因素的影响,云蒙湖水源地保护区农户和蒙阴县普通农户的生计多样化指数仍存在一定差距。为改善农户的生计,促进水源保护与农户生计的“共赢”,笔者在完善保护区生态补偿制度,提高水源地农户就业能力和就业水平,促进环境友好型区域产业发展,提高水源地农户社会保障水平四个方面相应的提出改善保护区农户生计的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Water resources security is one of the most important problems affecting the ecological security of our country. The water resources in our country are characterized by uneven distribution of time and space, less per capita possession, significant impact on human activities, and so on. In addition, the rapid economic and social development of our country has led to the prominent contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, serious pollution of water resources, establishment of water resources protection zones and strengthening of water resources protection. Is one of the important measures to ensure ecological security in China. But for farmers who depend on nature reserves for production and living, The establishment of water resources reserves will have a great impact on local farmers. Because the production and lifestyle of farmers are severely restricted by the regulations and rules of the reserve, the livelihood of farmers is restricted. Finally, in the short term, the construction of water resources reserves is "incompatible" with the livelihood of local farmers. How to solve the problems of "eating" upstream and "drinking water" downstream? Finally, the long-term "interdependence" between water conservation and farmers' livelihood is the focus of attention of the government and all sectors of society. This paper takes the Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve as an example. Based on the field investigation of farmers around Yunmenghu Lake Water Source Reserve in Mengyin County, Shandong Province, the participatory farmer assessment method is used to investigate farmers' livelihood in order to obtain relevant data. With the help of the sustainable livelihood analysis framework developed by DFID, this paper analyzes the characteristics of farmers' livelihood capital and livelihood activities from five aspects: human capital, natural capital, financial capital, material capital and social capital. To explore the livelihood of local farmers in protected areas, Finally, the following three conclusions are drawn: (1) the index numbers of five livelihood indexes and the total index of livelihood capital of farmers in Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve lag behind those of ordinary farmers in Mengyin County. However, the current policy of ecological compensation is of limited help to farmers in protected areas. Therefore, the ecological compensation policy should be further improved. 2) the livelihood activities of farmers in Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve have changed from traditional planting and raising to non-agricultural industries. The main change is to go out to work, Doing odd jobs, mainly doing business, The diversity of livelihood activities of farmers in Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve is greatly increased, but the diversification index is still lower than that of ordinary farmers in Mengyin County. In order to meet their living needs, farmers have to increase their livelihood style and reset their livelihood combination strategy. However, they are influenced by many factors, such as resource endowment, education, social resources, etc. There is still a certain gap between farmers' livelihood diversity index in Yunmeng Lake Water Source Reserve and ordinary farmers in Mengyin County. In order to improve the livelihood of farmers and promote the "win-win" between water conservation and farmers' livelihood, the author is perfecting the ecological compensation system of protected areas. To improve the employability and employment level of farmers in water source areas, to promote the development of environment-friendly regional industries, and to improve the social security level of farmers in water source areas, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the livelihood of farmers in protected areas.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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