北京市中低收入灵活就业人员的养老保险参保意愿研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 02:19

本文选题：社会养老保险　切入点：中低收入灵活就业人员　出处：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国已步入社会和经济转型的关键时期,伴随着新形势的到来,我国的劳动力市场已经发生了巨大的改变,近年来,我国的灵活就业人员数量与日俱增,灵活就业已经成为除正规就业之外最重要的就业方式。越来越多的下岗人员,农村进城务工人员、失业人员和大学生选择灵活的就业方式。就业是民生之本,是撬动人民幸福生活的支点,发展好就业工作是经济和社会稳定的前提条件。实践证明,灵活就业人员为经济的发展和社会的进步做出了非常积极的贡献。虽然灵活就业这一群体数量日益增多,在很大程度上促进了我国经济的发展和社会的进步,但由于他们往往处于弱势地位,使得灵活就业人员的社会保障问题越来越凸显。目前国家和各省市都相继出台了相关灵活就业人员参加养老保险的政策,在制度中对于如何参保都做了详细的规定。但是灵活就业人员的参保现状仍然存在了很多问题,如参保意愿不强,参保率仍然偏低等。近几年来,由于人均寿命的逐渐延长和年轻人口所占比重的减小,我国的人口老龄化进程正在明显加快,如果不能妥善解决灵活就业群体的社会保障问题,今后必然会影响到我国社会保险基金的平稳运行和可持续发展,给国家和社会造成负担。因灵活就业人员参保行为的发生由其参保意愿直接决定,因此,如何提高灵活就业人员的养老保险参保意愿已经成为一个迫切需要解决的课题。本文主要研究北京市中低收入灵活就业人员的养老保险参保意愿问题。通过阅读了国内外学者的大量文献后,选择北京市两个城区(西城区、丰台区)的三个地点进行了社会养老保险参保意愿的问卷调查,对这两个城区的中低收入灵活就业人员的养老保险参保情况进行实地调查研究,通过问卷调查与个案访谈相结合的方式,了解灵活就业人员的基本情况、对养老保险政策的熟悉程度、认知情况、满意度、参保意愿以及未参保原因等,并分析影响他们参保意愿的因素,进而探究提出能够提高中低收入灵活就业人员参保意愿的政策建议,为完善针对于北京市灵活就业人员的社会保险制度提供一些基础和支持。在分析了影响参保意愿的因素的基础上,我们探索着提出一些政策建议。第一,应采用法律制度来保障灵活就业人员的合法劳动权益,社保部门还应适当的对他们进行职业技术培训,提高就业竞争力,进而提高收入水平。第二,增强养老保险政策的宣传力度。政府或媒体应当加大宣传力度让灵活就业人员认识到社会养老保险的重要性和必要性,增强他们对养老保险的关注程度和参保意识,提高其参加养老保险的意愿和积极性,从而决定其参保行为。第三,增强养老保险转移接续的灵活性,当灵活就业群体由于某种原因不能继续基本养老保险的缴费时,养老保险制度应当能确保他们随时继续补缴养老保险费用的权利,同时其办理转移接续的流程应当简明便捷、容易操作。第四,循序渐进的延长缴费年限,并稍微降低缴费比例。这种低水平并且长期的缴费方式,既能让灵活就业人员为自己的老年生活积累起一笔养老金,又能让养老保险基金长期的收支平衡。第五,强制实施单位和个人共同参保。针对企业来说,政府必须在法律上强制其为灵活就业人员参保,并给予用人单位补贴,确立强有力的监督管理机制,来促使企业为灵活就业人员承担应尽的义务。以上建议希望可以帮助提高北京市中低收入灵活就业人员养老保险的参保意愿,进而促进北京市社会保险制度的和谐发展,从而使我国的社会保障制度更加完善。
[Abstract]:Our country has entered a critical period of social and economic transformation, along with the arrival of the new situation, China's labor market has undergone tremendous changes, in recent years, the number of China's flexible employment and flexible employment has become grow with each passing day, in addition to regular employment outside the most important way of employment. More and more laid-off workers, rural migrant workers, unemployed workers and university students choose flexible employment. Employment is the people's livelihood, is the fulcrum leveraging a happy life for the people, the development of good employment is economic and social stability conditions. Practice has proved that the flexible employment has made a positive contribution to the economic development and social progress. Although flexible the employment of this group increased, largely promoted China's economic development and social progress, but because they are often in a weak position, the spirit of The social security problem of living employment is more and more prominent. At present the national various provinces and cities have introduced the relevant personnel to participate in the flexible employment pension insurance policy in the system for the insured to do the detailed provisions. But the insured status of flexible employment still exist many problems, such as the desire of participation is not strong, the participation rate is still low. In recent years, due to the reduced proportion life expectancy increases gradually and young population, the population aging process in China is significantly accelerated, if not properly solve of the flexible employment social security problems, the future will inevitably affect the smooth operation of the social insurance fund in our country and sustainable development, a burden to the state and society. Due to the occurrence of flexible employment insurance act by the insured will directly determine, therefore, how to improve the flexible employment pension insurance Willingness has become an urgent problem. Pension insurance will Beijing City, this paper mainly studies the problem of low-income flexible employment. Through reading a lot of literatures at home and abroad, choose a city in Beijing city (Xicheng District, Fengtai District) of the three sites conducted a survey of social pension insurance will, pension insurance of the two urban low-income flexible employment field research, through questionnaire investigation and case interview combination, understand the basic situation of flexible employment, the degree of familiarity with the endowment insurance policy cognition, satisfaction, willingness and uninsured reasons, and analysis the factors that influence their willingness to participate, and then explore the proposed to improve low-income flexible employment willingness to improve policy recommendations According to the Beijing municipal flexible employees social insurance system to provide some support and foundation. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the willingness of the us to explore, put forward some policy suggestions. First, the legal system to protect the flexible employment of the legitimate labor rights, social security departments should carry out appropriate occupation technical training for them, to improve the employment competitiveness, and improve the level of income. Second, strengthen the endowment insurance policy propaganda. The government or the media should step up publicity efforts to make flexible employees aware of the importance and necessity of social endowment insurance of endowment insurance, increase their degree of attention and the insurance awareness, improve their willingness to participate in pension insurance and the enthusiasm, thus determine its insured behavior. Third, strengthen the endowment insurance transfer and continuation of flexibility, when the flexible employment groups for some reason To the basic old-age insurance payment, the endowment insurance system should be able to ensure that they continue to pay the pension costs at right, at the same time for the transfer and continuation of the process should be concise and convenient, easy to operate. Fourth, step by step to extend the payment period, and slightly reduce the proportion of payment. The low level and long term of payment, can to accumulate a flexible employment pension for their old age, and can let the pension insurance fund long-term balance. Fifth, enforcement units and individuals to the insured. For enterprises, the government must be in the law enforcement of the flexible employment insurance, and give the employer subsidies, the establishment of supervision and management strong, to encourage enterprises to undertake the obligation for flexible employment. These suggestions can help improve the Beijing City Low-income flexible employment The willingness to participate in the insurance of personnel endowment insurance promotes the harmonious development of the social insurance system in Beijing, thus making the social security system of our country more perfect.

【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F842.67

【参考文献】