土地承包经营权抵押法律障碍之克服

发布时间：2018-03-17 03:13

本文选题：农村土地承包经营权　切入点：抵押　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地承包经营权能否抵押在《物权法》制定的过程中是一个非常重要的争议点。虽然《物权法》禁止农村土地承包经营权抵押,但实践中农村土地承包经营权抵押试点一直没有停止,以期找到一种适合中国国情,符合我国农村经济发展规律的抵押模式。2014年中央以一号文件的形式赋予了农村土地承包经营权抵押权能,各省市也制定了相应的农地抵押融资管理办法。法律与政策的冲突无疑对抵押的推进埋下了隐患。因此,将土地承包经营权抵押上升到法律层面成为当前土地承包经营权流转改革中最紧要的任务。我国农村土地法律制度是在“社会秩序高于资源优化配置效率”这一立法理念的指导下,以农民的生存保障为基础构建的。农地上承载的社会功能使得立法者一直不敢放开农村土地的抵押权能。法律的禁止使得实践中的抵押只能由政府依靠政策来推进,但政策的制定缺乏广泛的民意基础,不能保证其科学合理性。以政府为主导推进的抵押也缺乏可持续性,难以实现制度的自我演进和自我完善。并且,我国农业保险制度、农村社会保障制度和农地评估制度这些配套法律制度的不完备让抵押难以迅速推进。要克服这些法律障碍,可以从以下几个方面着手:首先,要转变立法价值取向,以“效率”而不是“公平”来指导土地承包经营权抵押的立法。其次是要构建土地承包经营权抵押制度,确立好法律制度来指导实践。最后,通过完善农业保险法律制度、农村社会保障法律制度和农地使用权价值评估法律制度,保证我国土地承包经营权抵押的顺利推进。
[Abstract]:Whether the right of land contractual management can be mortgaged is a very important point of dispute in the process of formulating the property Law, although the Law of Real right prohibits the mortgage of the right of contracted management of rural land. However, in practice, the pilot project of the right to contract management of rural land has not been stopped in order to find a suitable one for China's national conditions. Mortgage mode in line with the law of rural economic development in China. In 2014, the central government gave the right to the contracted management of rural land in the form of document No. 1. Various provinces and cities have also formulated corresponding measures for the management of agricultural land mortgage financing. The conflict between laws and policies undoubtedly poses a hidden danger to the promotion of mortgage. It is the most urgent task to raise the mortgage of the land contract management right to the legal level in the current reform of the land contract management right circulation. The legal system of rural land in our country is based on "the social order is higher than the efficiency of optimizing the allocation of resources". Under the guidance of legislative ideas, Constructed on the basis of the subsistence security of farmers. The social function carried on the agricultural land makes the legislators afraid to release the mortgage power of the rural land. The prohibition of the law makes the mortgage in practice only be promoted by the government depending on the policy. However, the formulation of the policy lacks a broad public opinion basis, which cannot guarantee its scientific rationality. The government-led mortgage is also lack of sustainability, and it is difficult to realize the self-evolution and self-improvement of the system. In addition, the agricultural insurance system of our country is not sustainable. The imperfection of the rural social security system and the farmland appraisal system makes it difficult for mortgage to advance rapidly. To overcome these legal obstacles, we can start from the following aspects: first, we should change the legislative value orientation. To guide the legislation of land contract management right mortgage by "efficiency" rather than "fairness". Secondly, to construct the land contract management right mortgage system and establish a good legal system to guide the practice. Finally, through perfecting the legal system of agricultural insurance, The legal system of rural social security and the legal system of evaluating the value of the right to use agricultural land ensure the smooth advancement of the mortgage of the right to contract management of land in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2;D922.32

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