性别偏好对中国人力资本存量的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 14:35

本文选题：性别偏好　切入点：人力资本存量　出处：《中共上海市委党校》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：人力资本是经济增长的重要推动力,作为经济生产的投入要素之一,直接参与生产过程,发挥出人力资本存量的直接效应。在生产过程中,人力资本存量的增长,表现为劳动力素质的提高,进而提升了劳动生产率,最终引起各部门产出以及国内生产总值的增加。增加人力资本投资、提高人力资本存量关系着人口素质的提高,关系着经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型的转变,为中国经济持续稳定健康发展提供“源头活水”。与此同时,我国是一个人口大国,男性性别偏好突出,男性的人力资本投资远高于女性的人力资本投资。在已有关于性别偏好与人力资本关系的研究中,集中分析性别偏好所造成的人力资本投资的性别差异,男性的性别偏好使得男性的人力资本投资远高于女性人力资本投资。实际上,性别偏好不仅引起人力资本投资的性别差异,而且影响人力资本存量。本文运用跨学科研究法、文献研究法、比较分析法以及定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法来深入分析性别偏好和人力资本投资上存在的种种疑难复杂问题。因此,剖析性别偏好对人力资本存量的影响具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。性别偏好通过两类主体影响人力资本性别投资:第一类主体是人力资本承载者自身;第二类主体是家庭、企业或机关事业单位等。性别偏好造成了人力资本投资的性别差异。直观上来看,对男性或女性的人力资本投资尽管有所差异,但人力资本投资的总量在既定期限里是不变的,进而人力资本存量不变。然而,这种分析暗含的假设是人力资本未进入生产领域,人力资本自身不会发生动态变化。实际上,当人力资本投入经济运行中时,考虑到人力资本自身的动态变化,性别偏好将影响人力资本存量。为更好的理解性别偏好引起的人力资本投资的性别差异对人力资本存量的影响,本文分别从微观层面以及宏观层面构建性别偏好对人力资本存量影响的分析模型并揭示其内在的机制。从理论分析的结果来看,性别偏好的存在降低了人力资本存量;只有当性别偏好不存在时,即人力资本投资的性别差异消失时,人力资本存量实现最大化。在性别偏好对人力资本存量影响的实证分析和检验中,利用我国1978~2012年的时间序列数据,并运用向量自回归模型(VAR模型)计量检验性别偏好对人力资本存量的影响,同时利用OLS回归分析人力资本投资的性别差异对人力资本存量的影响,进一步进行佐证性别偏好对人力资本存量的影响。实证结果得出,性别偏好抑制人力资本存量的增长。理论和实证皆表明,性别偏好不利于人力资本存量的增加。为实现人力资本存量最大化,充分发挥人力资本存量的直接效应,我们亟需解决我国性别偏好问题,为此,需要做到以下几点:首先,在文化思维方式和心理理念上,大力倡导现代文明之风,弘扬男女平等;其次,在就业、工资收入、福利、社会保障及退休等一系列社会经济制度及法律法规上,充分贯彻男女平等、同工同酬的基本原则,彻底清除歧视女性的种种不当规定及其他陈规陋习;再次,以强化劳动法的严肃性和完善健全社会保障为突破口,保障女性的劳动就业收入福利等基本权利和利益;最后,从发挥女性特殊优势的出发,开拓女性就业的渠道,健全和完善妇女组织等NGO组织。
[Abstract]:Human capital is an important driving force of economic growth, as one of the input elements of economic production, directly involved in the production process, play a direct effect of the stock of human capital. In the production process, the stock of human capital growth, for improving the quality of labor and improve labor productivity, resulting in each sector output and GDP increase. Increase the investment of human capital, improve the human capital affects the quality of the population increase, the relationship between the transformation of economic growth mode from extensive to intensive, continued stable and healthy development "for the economy to China springhead". At the same time, China is a country with a large population, the male gender preference of prominent male human capital investment is much higher than that of the female human capital investment. In the existing research on the relationship between human capital and gender preference, on gender preference Gender differences caused by the human capital investment, male male sex preference makes the human capital investment is much higher than that of female human capital investment. In fact, gender preference not only caused gender differences in human capital investment, and the influence of human capital stock. This paper uses interdisciplinary research method, literature research method, comparative analysis method and qualitative analysis method and the combination of quantitative analysis to analyze the gender preference and human capital investment on the various complicated problems. Therefore, has the important theory significance and practical significance to analyse the effects of sex preference on the stock of human capital. Through the two main effects of gender preference of human capital investment: the first sex subject is the carrier of human capital self; the second subject is family, enterprises or institutions. The sex preference caused by human capital investment differences. Intuitively, the male or female human capital investment despite the difference, but the total amount of investment in human capital is constant in a given period of time, and the stock of human capital is unchanged. However, the analysis of the implicit assumption is that human capital does not enter the field of production, human capital itself does not change. In fact, when the human capital investment in the economy, taking into account the dynamic changes of human capital, gender preference will affect human capital stock. The effects of gender differences due to a better understanding of gender preference of human capital investment on human capital stock, the analysis model of this paper respectively from the micro level and the macro level to construct the gender preference effect on the stock of human capital and reveal the internal mechanism. According to the theoretical analysis, the sex preference is reduced only when the stock of human capital; gender bias Is there, which disappeared gender differences in human capital investment, human capital stock maximization. In the empirical analysis and test of the effect of sex preference on the stock of human capital, using the time series data in 1978~2012 of China, and the use of vector autoregressive model (VAR model) affect the measurement test of sex preference on human capital the stock, at the same time using the OLS effect of gender differences in human capital investment on human capital stock regression analysis, further evidence of effects of sex preference on the stock of human capital. The results of the empirical analysis, gender preference inhibits human capital stock growth. Theoretical and empirical show that gender preference is not conducive to the increase of human capital stock to achieve. The stock of human capital maximization, give full play to the direct effect of the stock of human capital, we need to solve the problem, China's sex preference, therefore, need to do The following points: first, in the way of thinking and cultural and psychological concept, advocate of modern civilization, promoting gender equality; secondly, in employment, wages, welfare, social security and retirement and a series of social and economic system and the legal laws and regulations, the full implementation of gender equality, the basic principle of equal pay, improper provisions elimination of discrimination against women and other outdated customs and bad habits again, to strengthen labor law; the seriousness and perfect social security as a breakthrough, ensuring employment income and welfare and other basic rights and interests of women; finally, from the women play special advantage of pioneering female employment channels, improve and perfect the organization of women's organizations such as NGO.

【学位授予单位】：中共上海市委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.2

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