福利多元主义下我国弱势儿童的福利研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 16:00

本文选题：福利多元主义　切入点：弱势儿童　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：儿童福利制度的构建虽然日渐引起了学者们的关注，但是有关如何建构具有中国特色的儿童福利制度这一议题，还是缺乏系统的研究。在近二十多年的历史性变革中，我国弱势儿童群体的范围相应扩大，使得我国弱势儿童群体内部的复杂程度和多样性远远超过了西方发达国家，呈现出和世界上许多国家弱势儿童群体不同的特征。本研究的理论意义就在于研究社会福利转型过程中弱势儿童群体的社会福利安排，并通过对福利多元主义理论和广义社会福利概念的探讨，力图在我国现行儿童福利的基础上改造出一条福利多元主义建构下的中国化路径。从现实意义看，我国拥有三亿多儿童，儿童是祖国的未来，是民族的希望，是未来社会的生产力。我国育儿事务的主要承担者长期以来一直是家庭，而如今我国处于社会转型期，社会经济的发展与环境的变迁导致了家庭的结构及功能发生了变化，因而致使家庭的育儿功能降低。因此，当以往的育儿途径出现问题时，如何建构适合我国国情的儿童福利制度，为家庭的育儿事务提供政策化的国家支持，是当前面临的一大课题。更为重要的是，救助保护弱势儿童是我国治理社会问题和化解社会风险，构建和谐社会的重要任务，亟待社会保障的研究者践行。鉴于此，本研究采用福利多元主义的研究框架，对我国社会转型下的弱势儿童群体的福利制度进行了深入分析，并总结了改革开放三十年来我国在弱势儿童福利建设方面取得的成绩和存在的问题，从家庭、国家、社区与志愿组织这四个福利主体各自责任与联动的视角出发，分析了我国弱势儿童福利的缺失原因，并通过比较西方发达国家的儿童福利发展状况，借鉴了瑞典、美国与日本在儿童福利事业方面的发展经验，明确提出了我国儿童福利的建设思路。在研究过程中，，主要采取的研究方法是文献研究和比较研究。通过理论联系实际，在分析了儿童福利的基础理论之上，对我国现行的针对弱势儿童群体的福利制度进行了客观的评价，并运用福利多元主义的分析框架，同时借鉴国际的成功经验，提出了完善我国弱势儿童群体社会福利的相关建议。具体有四点：坚持以家庭为中心与改善问题家庭生存环境并举；加快弱势儿童福利制度的顶层设计建设；提升社区儿童福利中心的供给层次；规范与鼓励民间组织参与儿童社会福利建设。
[Abstract]:Although the construction of child welfare system has attracted more and more scholars' attention, there is still no systematic research on how to construct a child welfare system with Chinese characteristics.In the past twenty years of historical changes, the scope of the vulnerable children in China has been expanded, which makes the complexity and diversity of the vulnerable children in our country far exceed that of the western developed countries.It presents different characteristics from the vulnerable groups of children in many countries around the world.The theoretical significance of this study is to study the social welfare arrangements of vulnerable children in the process of social welfare transformation, and to explore the theory of welfare pluralism and the concept of social welfare in a broad sense.On the basis of the current child welfare in China, the author tries to reform a Chinese way of welfare pluralism.In practical sense, China has more than 300 million children. Children are the future of the motherland, the hope of the nation and the productive forces of the future society.The main bearers of childcare affairs in China have been families for a long time, but now our country is in the period of social transformation, the development of social economy and the changes of environment have led to changes in the structure and functions of families.As a result, the parental function of the family is reduced.Therefore, how to construct the child welfare system suitable for the situation of our country and provide policy support for the parental affairs of the family is one of the major problems now.More importantly, rescuing and protecting vulnerable children is an important task to solve social problems, resolve social risks and build a harmonious society.In view of this, this study adopts the research framework of welfare pluralism to deeply analyze the welfare system of the vulnerable children under the social transition in China.It also summarizes the achievements and problems in the welfare construction of vulnerable children in China during the past 30 years of reform and opening up, starting from the perspective of the responsibility and linkage of the four welfare subjects: family, state, community and voluntary organizations.This paper analyzes the reasons for the lack of welfare of vulnerable children in China, and draws lessons from the experiences of Sweden, the United States and Japan in the development of child welfare by comparing the development of child welfare in the western developed countries.Clearly put forward our country child welfare construction thought.In the research process, the main research methods are literature research and comparative research.On the basis of analyzing the basic theory of children's welfare, this paper makes an objective evaluation of the current welfare system for the vulnerable groups of children through the combination of theory and practice, and applies the analysis frame of welfare pluralism.At the same time, draw lessons from the international successful experience, put forward some suggestions to improve the social welfare of the disadvantaged children in China.There are four specific points: insisting on taking the family as the center and improving the living environment of the problem family; speeding up the top-level design and construction of the welfare system for the disadvantaged children; promoting the supply level of the community child welfare center;To standardize and encourage the participation of civil society organizations in the construction of children's social welfare.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.5;D632.1

【参考文献】