三权分置下农地经营权流转法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 03:26

本文选题：农地 + 三权分置　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：肇始于家庭联产承包责任制,农地改革循此路径展开,历经系列政策和法律调整,渐成鲜明特色的农村土地集体所有、农民家庭承包经营的定制,后由经济学界与管理学界主导着农地法的制定和修改。将近四十余年的农地改革历程重新配置了农地资源,尤其是农地流转过程中对农民承包土地资源蕴含的财产价值进行了重新分配,改革的重心逐渐偏向了农地的经营权。近年来,国家适时推出了三权分置,即农地的所有权、承包权、经营权分置,大力规范“土地经营权”的流转,农地的经济价值得以充分发掘。农地三权分置改革是现行农地制度的一项重要制度变革。有鉴于农地制度的重要性,本文拟就三权分置下农地的经营权流转法律制度进行探究。因现行农地制度存在诸多现实困境,如先天不足、观念性分歧与现实运行不畅,农地经营权流转受阻。考察域外农地流转法律制度,从中汲取有益成分,以期对我国正在进行的农地三权分置改革实践提供经验与启示。于此,本文进一步就三权分置下农地经营权流转的法理构建与制度构建进行深入探究,希冀于我国农地改革立法与实践有些许裨益。我国农地经营权流转多年来饱受农地社保性、耕地保护性的观念束缚,农地经营权流转受阻。加之有关农地流转的立法不太明确,如法律架构滞后、物权性较弱,农地经营权流转欠缺法律层面的支撑。在农地经营权流转实践中,缺乏顺畅的渠道,如市场化不全、征收补偿不规范、农业补贴错位。这些困境就使得农地经营权流转缓慢,难以发挥其应有的价值。理论界存在的私有化、国有化、集体所有制下改良使用权等路径的分歧,比较其利弊,政府慎重选择了三权分置的改良路径。农业生产本质、政策导向、保护私权的现实迫切要求与改革举措相互回应,借鉴美、日等域外农地流转法律制度的经验与启示,理论与现实的考量使三权分置应运而生。三权分置下农地经营权的流转需要法学诠释其法律属性、界定概念和确认流转方式,并在公平与效率、使用价值与交换价值等方面进行价值选择,以实现保障成员权和推进生产要素市场化的制度功能。农地经营权流转的制度构建方面的重点工作包括:首先,完善相关立法,逐渐摆脱观念性的束缚,将三权分置法律化,适时修改土地方面的法律,以优化法律架构。其次,建构农地流转的运行体系,建立农地产权交易市场、强化政府监管职能,将“无形之手”与“有形之手”相结合,规范农地征收的补偿,完善农业补贴。最后,改革配套制度,如完善土地确权登记制度、社会保障制度、户籍制度。
[Abstract]:Starting with the household contract responsibility system, the reform of agricultural land has been carried out along this path. After a series of policy and legal adjustments, it has gradually become the collective ownership of rural land with distinctive characteristics, and the customization of peasant household contract management.After that, the formulation and modification of farmland law was led by the economic and management circles.After nearly 40 years of farmland reform, the farmland resources have been reallocated, especially the value of the land contracted by farmers has been redistributed in the process of agricultural land transfer, and the focus of the reform has gradually shifted to the management right of agricultural land.In recent years, the state has introduced three rights of separation, namely, the ownership of agricultural land, the right to contract, the right to operate separately, and to standardize the circulation of "land management right", so that the economic value of agricultural land can be fully explored.The reform of the three-right division of farmland is an important institutional reform of the current farmland system.In view of the importance of agricultural land system, this paper intends to explore the legal system of management right circulation of farmland under the separation of three rights.There are many practical difficulties in the current agricultural land system, such as the deficiency of nature, the difference of conception and the unsmooth operation of the reality, and the obstruction of the circulation of the management right of agricultural land.This paper investigates the legal system of rural land transfer outside China and draws some useful elements from it in order to provide experience and inspiration for the reform of the three rights of farmland separation in China.In this paper, the author further explores the legal theory and system construction of farmland management right transfer under the separation of three rights, hoping that it will benefit the legislation and practice of agricultural land reform in our country.For many years, the transfer of farmland management right has been hampered by the concept of farmland social security and farmland protection.In addition, the legislation on the transfer of agricultural land is not clear, such as the lag of legal framework, the weak property rights, the lack of legal support for the transfer of farmland management rights.In the practice of farmland management right circulation, there is a lack of smooth channels, such as incomplete marketization, irregular collection and compensation, misalignment of agricultural subsidies.These difficulties make the circulation of farmland management rights slow, and it is difficult to give full play to its due value.There are differences in the ways of privatization, nationalization, and improvement of the right to use under collective ownership in the theoretical circle. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages, the government has carefully chosen the improved path of the separation of three rights.The essence of agricultural production, the policy orientation, the urgent demand of protecting private rights and the reform measures respond to each other, and draw lessons from the experience and inspiration of the foreign land transfer legal system, such as the United States and Japan. The theoretical and practical considerations make the separation of three rights emerge as the times require.The circulation of the management right of farmland under the separation of three rights requires the legal interpretation of its legal attribute, the definition of the concept and the confirmation of the mode of circulation, and the choice of value in the aspects of fairness and efficiency, use value and exchange value, etc.In order to protect the rights of members and promote the marketization of factors of production system function.The key work of the system construction of farmland management right transfer includes: first, improve the relevant legislation, gradually get rid of the shackles of the concept, divide the three rights into law, modify the land law in time to optimize the legal framework.Secondly, we should construct the operation system of farmland circulation, establish the market of farmland property right transaction, strengthen the function of government supervision, combine "invisible hand" with "tangible hand", standardize the compensation of farmland expropriation, and perfect the agricultural subsidy.Finally, reform the supporting system, such as perfecting land registration system, social security system, household registration system.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.32

【相似文献】