重庆农民工城市社区融入的困境及突破路径

发布时间：2018-04-16 07:33

本文选题：农民工 + 城市社区融入　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,农民工“融城”问题的解决已成为推进新型城镇化的关键步骤,而社区是农民工融入城市的社会化组织载体,农民工融入社区才意味着真正扎根城市,这种再社会化的过程将有利于促进农民工实现角色、身份、生活模式以及归属感等方面的转换,因此农民工的城市社区融入问题将变得愈加重要。2011年民政部下发了《关于促进农民工融入城市社区的意见》,其在国家层面绘制了农民工参与城市社区生活的“路线图”,为促进农民工融入城市生活,与城市居民和谐相处提供了制度依据和保障。重庆市作为统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,针对农民工的户籍制度改革正逐步深入,社保、住房、就业等惠及农民工的相关政策也在不断完善,这都为农民工融入城市社区创造了有利条件。与此同时不容忽视的是,重庆农民工城市社区融入在相关制度设计与实践和具体融入过程中都面临着不同程度的困境,造成了农民工渴望融入却又难以融入的尴尬处境,这对重庆推进新型城镇化、建设统筹城乡发展直辖市提出了很大挑战。基于此,本研究结合政策环境趋好的实际,在关注相关制度设计与实践运作情况的同时,将研究视点更多置于城市社区的微观场域内。首先梳理了重庆农民工城市社区融入的总体情况,然后以社会排斥理论为基础,从结构视角和行动视角两方面分析农民工融入城市社区过程中的困境。研究发现,重庆农民工的城市社区融入面临结构性排斥与非结构性排斥的双重困境:结构性排斥主要体现为涉及农民工群体的相关制度在设计与实践过程中的困境,如社会保障、子女教育、职业培训等制度的差别化对待;非结构性排斥则主要体现为农民工在身份融入、组织融入、服务融入、文化融入过程中所面临的困境。在对融入困境分析的基础上,本研究引入国外部分国家的社区发展实践案例,总结其在推进弱势群体、移民群体融入本地社区过程中的有益经验。最后,本研究认为,应一方面通过制度设计与实践的完善回应结构性排斥,另一方面通过融入行动的推进回应非结构性排斥,实现农民工的身份、组织、服务、文化融入。制度设计与实践的完善为具体的融入行动提供外部环境支持,具体融入行动能够为制度的设计与实践提供良好的社会基础,通过制度设计与实践和具体融入行动共同应对农民工的融入困境,从而实现其真正意义上的城市社区融入。
[Abstract]:At present, the solution to the problem of "melt city" for migrant workers has become the key step to promote the new urbanization, and the community is the carrier of socialized organization for migrant workers to integrate into the city, and the integration of migrant workers into the community means that they really take root in the city.This process of re-socialization will facilitate the transition of migrant workers into roles, identities, life patterns and a sense of belonging.Thus, the integration of migrant workers into urban communities will become even more important. In 2011, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued an opinion on promoting the Integration of migrant Workers into Urban Communities, which has drawn up a "road map" for the participation of migrant workers in urban community life at the national level.In order to promote the integration of migrant workers into urban life, harmonious coexistence with urban residents to provide the institutional basis and protection.Chongqing, as a pilot area for the comprehensive reform of urban and rural areas, is gradually deepening the reform of the household registration system for migrant workers, and the policies related to social security, housing, employment, and so on, which benefit migrant workers, are also constantly improving.This has created favorable conditions for migrant workers to integrate into urban communities.At the same time, it can not be ignored that Chongqing migrant workers' urban community integration in the relevant system design and practice and specific integration process are faced with different degrees of difficulties, resulting in migrant workers eager to integrate but difficult to integrate into the awkward situation.This has put forward a great challenge to Chongqing to promote new urbanization and build a municipality directly under the Central Government to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas.Based on this, this study combines the reality of policy environment, pays close attention to the system design and practice, and puts the research point of view in the microcosmic field of the urban community at the same time.This paper firstly combs the general situation of the integration of urban community of migrant workers in Chongqing, and then, based on the theory of social exclusion, analyzes the plight of migrant workers in the process of integration into the urban community from the perspective of structure and action.The study finds that the integration of urban communities of migrant workers in Chongqing faces the dual dilemma of structural exclusion and non-structural exclusion: structural exclusion is mainly reflected in the difficulties in the design and practice of the relevant institutions involving migrant workers.Such as social security, child education, vocational training and other systems of differential treatment; non-structural exclusion is mainly reflected in migrant workers in the identity integration, organizational integration, service integration, cultural integration in the process of difficulties faced.Based on the analysis of the difficulties of integration, this study introduces some practical cases of community development in some foreign countries and summarizes its beneficial experiences in the process of promoting the disadvantaged groups and integrating the immigrant groups into the local communities.Finally, this study holds that, on the one hand, we should respond to structural exclusion through the perfection of system design and practice, on the other hand, we should respond to non-structural exclusion through the promotion of integration actions, so as to realize the identity, organization, service and cultural integration of migrant workers.The perfection of system design and practice provides external environment support for concrete integration action, and concrete integration action can provide a good social foundation for system design and practice.Through the system design and practice and concrete integration actions to deal with the plight of migrant workers' integration, so as to realize the real meaning of urban community integration.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D412.6;D669.3

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