农村集体土地股份制改革的法律考量

发布时间：2018-04-21 23:32

本文选题：农村集体土地 + 土地股份制改革　；参考：《社会科学辑刊》2015年01期

【摘要】：农村集体土地承包经营制存在集体土地所有权主体虚位的弊端,因此,农村集体土地股份制改革应当以明晰农村集体土地所有权主体作为其制度目标,其适用范围应包括农村集体的全部土地,不论其所有权之上是否存在有其他权利负担。以农村集体土地具有社会保障功能为由,限制集体所有土地固有权能的完整性和流转性已不具有任何正当性和合法性。股份制改革中的出资财产最好是农村集体土地所有权,因其与土地承包经营权出资相比更有利于改革目标的实现。从制度设计看,在股份的各种组织形式中,公司制比股份合作制更具有相对的制度优势。基于农民自愿、因地制宜、产权明晰、农民利益最大化原则,以土地所有权出资进行股份制改革可以从根本上实现股份制改革的制度目标;以土地承包经营权出资实施股份制改革只是一种较为便利的股份制改革方式,并不能从根本上解决农村集体土地所有权主体虚位问题。对此,农民有权在方式选择上酌情择一或合并选择出资方式。
[Abstract]:The rural collective land contract management system has the shortcoming that the collective land ownership main body is empty, therefore, the reform of the rural collective land share system should take the clarity of the rural collective land ownership subject as its system goal. Its scope of application should include all rural collective land, regardless of whether there is any other right burden on its ownership. Based on the social security function of rural collective land, it is no longer legitimate and legitimate to restrict the integrity and circulation of the inherent power of collective-owned land. The ownership of rural collective land is the best contribution property in the reform of shareholding system, because it is more favorable to the realization of the reform goal than the investment of land contractual management right. From the point of view of institutional design, the corporate system has more relative institutional advantages than the share cooperative system in various organizational forms of shares. Based on the principle of farmers' willingness, local conditions, clear property rights and maximization of farmers' interests, the reform of joint-stock system with land ownership contribution can fundamentally realize the institutional goal of joint-stock system reform. The reform of shareholding system with the right of land contract management is only a more convenient way to reform the shareholding system, and it can not fundamentally solve the problem of the virtual position of the main body of the collective land ownership in rural areas. In this regard, farmers have the right to choose the way to choose a discretionary or combined choice of the mode of contribution.
【作者单位】：郑州大学法学院;
【分类号】：F321.1;D922.3

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