土地承包经营权抵押的困境及出路研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 17:47

本文选题：土地承包经营权 + 抵押　；参考：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现行农村土地法律制度中,对于以家庭承包方式取得的土地承包经营权设定抵押秉持否定态度,其立法逻辑在于土地承包经营权是农民基本生存权的主要保障,故在制度设计上偏向“秩序”价值取向,一定程度上忽视了“效率”价值;同时,基于社会保障的需要,农村土地的生产要素功能也就不可避免地被弱化。然而,在统筹城乡发展的背景下,农业规模化发展与现行农村土地制度的冲突越来越凸显。其中,破除土地承包经营权抵押的制度障碍已成为当前农村土地流转制度改革及农村金融制度创新中最为迫切和艰巨的任务。法律制度供给的滞后,挡不住实践中对开禁土地承包经营权抵押的强烈诉求,各地纷纷推行抵押试点。2013年,党的十八届三中全会通过的《关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中明确提出的“赋予农民对承包经营权抵押、担保权能”就是对现实需求的政策回应。全文分为引言、正文和结语三个部分。正文有四部分:第一部分,介绍了土地承包经营权及其抵押的概念。梳理了现行法律、司法解释对土地承包经营权抵押的规定以及政策性文件对法律的突破。从理论上论述了土地承包经营权抵押的可行性及必要性。土地承包经营权作为用益物权所具有的可处分性,土地的社会保障功能弱化及土地承包经营权允许转让为土地承包经营权抵押提供了可行性;允许抵押是农地金融制度创新的必然要求,是现代化农业发展和统筹城乡发展的必然要求。第二部分,对土地承包经营权抵押的典型模式进行了实证考察及分析。该部分又细分为对试点的做法、简要评析和小结部分。通过对试点背景、操作流程等的介绍,了解其运行情况,介绍了试点工作取得的成绩和存在的一些问题。在此基础上对各地试点进行经验总结,为后续土地承包经营权抵押推行提供借鉴。第三部分,该部分以第二部分的实证分析为基础,明确提出了目前土地承包经营权抵押制度的制约因素。包括其现行制度效率价值凸显不够,农村土地的生产要素功能彰显乏力,抵押制度以政策性文件为依据法律效力不足以及土地承包经营权抵押的配套制度不完善。第四部分,就如何完善土地承包经营权抵押制度提出了建议,主要包括:第一,重塑土地承包经营权抵押制度的价值取向,体现效率价值。第二,彰显土地的生产要素功能。第三,修改现行相关法律,开禁土地承包经营权抵押,提升其效力层次。第四,完善包括抵押登记制度、土地承包经营权流转市场及土地承包经营权抵押的风险防范和补偿机制在内的土地承包经营权抵押的配套制度。
[Abstract]:In the current legal system of rural land, we hold a negative attitude towards the establishment of mortgage on the right of land contractual management obtained by the way of family contracting. Its legislative logic lies in that the right of land contract management is the main guarantee of the peasants' basic right of survival. Therefore, the value orientation of "order" is biased in the system design, and the value of "efficiency" is neglected to some extent. At the same time, the function of production factor of rural land is inevitably weakened because of the need of social security. However, under the background of urban and rural development as a whole, the conflict between the large-scale development of agriculture and the current rural land system is becoming more and more prominent. Among them, it has become the most urgent and arduous task in the reform of rural land circulation system and the innovation of rural financial system to break the system obstacle of land contract management right mortgage. The lag in the supply of the legal system cannot stop the strong demand in practice for mortgage of the right to open and ban the contracted management of land. In 2013, various localities have launched mortgage pilot projects. The decision on deepening the Reform in an All-round way, adopted by the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, clearly puts forward the policy response to the actual demand of giving peasants the right to mortgage and guarantee the right to contract management. The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text has four parts: the first part, introduces the land contract management right and its mortgage concept. Combing the current law, judicial interpretation of the land contractual management right mortgage provisions and policy documents on the breakthrough of the law. This paper theoretically discusses the feasibility and necessity of land contract management right mortgage. As the usufruct right, the land contract management right has the disposition nature, the land social security function is weakened and the land contract management right is allowed to transfer provides the feasibility for the land contract management right mortgage; Allowing mortgage is an inevitable requirement for the innovation of agricultural land financial system and for the development of modern agriculture as well as the development of urban and rural areas. In the second part, the typical model of land contractual management right mortgage is investigated and analyzed. This part is subdivided into the practice of the pilot, brief analysis and summary part. Through the introduction of the background and operation flow of the pilot project, this paper introduces the operation of the pilot project, and introduces the achievements and problems of the pilot work. On this basis, the experience of various pilot projects is summarized to provide a reference for the subsequent implementation of land contractual management right mortgage. The third part, based on the empirical analysis of the second part, puts forward the restriction factors of the current mortgage system of land contractual management right. Including its current system efficiency value is not prominent, the function of rural land production factors is weak, the mortgage system based on policy documents is not effective enough, and the supporting system of land contractual management right mortgage is not perfect. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the mortgage system of land contractual management right, mainly including: first, remolding the value orientation of land contractual management right mortgage system and embodying the efficiency value. Second, demonstrate the function of land production factors. Third, amend the existing relevant laws, ban the right to contract land management mortgage, improve its effectiveness. Fourth, perfect the supporting system of land contract management right mortgage, including mortgage registration system, land contract management right circulation market and risk prevention and compensation mechanism of land contract management right mortgage.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.32;D923.2

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