老龄化背景下我国农村社会养老保障法律制度完善之探索

发布时间：2018-05-21 01:30

本文选题：人口老龄化 + 农村养老保障　；参考：《西北大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：生育率和死亡率是影响人口老龄化最关键的因素,生育率和死亡率下降的最直接后果就是新生儿减少、人均寿命提高,从而导致社会中老龄人口占总人口比上升。除此之外,人口地理位置的迁移、生育观念演变等也都对人口老龄化的进程有一定的影响。由于我国国情的特殊性,计划生育也是加深我国人口老龄化程度的重要原因,尤其在原本生育意愿较高的农村地区。农村年轻劳动力外迁和城市老年人口向农村迁移也造成了农村比城市程度更深的人口]老龄化,而相反,农村的经济发展、社会养老保障水平远没有城市高。与此同时,农村地区孝道文化被漠视、代际失衡、耕地被占、新农保制度设计的局限性等使农村家庭养老、土地养老功能都逐渐弱化。因此,解决我国农民的养老问题是当下十分重要的,这不仅关乎到农民生存、社会稳定,而且对于建设社会主义“新农村”意义重大。本文通过吸收借鉴法国、德国、智利等国家针对农民养老的政策优势,同时与我国部分农村地区互助养老的经验结合起来,提出应该从四个方面分别对我国农民养老保障法律制度进行优化：首先,通过对传统孝道文化的宣传教育来培育农村年轻一代的孝道观念,从而达到强化农村家庭养老功能的目的；其次,对新农保政策加大宣传力度并且从细化制度设计、改进管理方法等方面完善新农保,增强政策的吸引力,争取让更多农民投保；再次,政府应该增加对农民养老的政策倾斜,鼓励农村积极发展不同形式的养老模式；最后,在立法方面,可以将《农村社会养老保障法》及其配套的法律作为将来农民养老的法律保障,这就需要我们继续完善立法。本文旨在通过发掘家庭、社会、国家立法各个方面在农民养老中的作用,力求为我国农村养老保障法律制度的完善提出切实可行的建议。
[Abstract]:Fertility and mortality are the most important factors that affect the aging of the population. The most direct consequence of the decline in fertility and mortality is the decrease in the birth rate and the increase in the life span of the population, which leads to the increase of the population in the society. In addition, the migration of population and the evolution of the concept of fertility also have the progress of the population aging. Due to the particularity of China's national conditions, family planning is also an important reason for deepening the degree of population aging in China, especially in rural areas with higher fertility wishes. The migration of young workers in rural areas and the migration of urban elderly population to rural areas also cause the aging of the rural population that is deeper than the city. At the same time, the filial piety culture of the rural areas is far from the city. At the same time, the filial piety culture in the rural areas is ignored, the intergenerational imbalance, the cultivated land are occupied, the limitations of the design of the new agricultural insurance system make the rural families provide for the aged, and the old-age function of the land is gradually weakening. Therefore, it is very important to solve the problem of the old age for the peasants in our country. This is of great significance not only to the survival and social stability of the peasants, but also to the construction of a socialist "new countryside". By absorbing and drawing on the advantages of the policies of France, Germany, Chile and other countries, this article combines with the experience of mutual assistance for the aged in some rural areas of our country, and puts forward that four aspects should be made to our country. The legal system of farmers' old-age security is optimized. First, through the propaganda and education of traditional filial piety culture to cultivate the concept of filial piety of the young generation in rural areas, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening the rural family pension function. Secondly, the new agricultural insurance policy to increase publicity and from the refinement of the system design, improvement of management methods and other aspects to improve the new. Agricultural insurance, strengthen the attraction of policy, strive for more farmers to insure; again, the government should increase the policy of the farmers' pension, encourage the rural development of different forms of pension mode. Finally, in the legislative aspect, the law of the rural social pension security law and its matching law can be used as the legal guarantee for the farmers' pension in the future. We need to continue to improve the legislation. This article aims to make practical suggestions for the improvement of the rural old-age security legal system through the exploration of the role of the family, society and national legislation in all aspects of the farmers' pension.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.9

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