我国人体器官移植犯罪刑法问题的研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 16:37

本文选题：组织出卖人体器官罪 + 人体器官　；参考：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科技的进步,人类已经可以通过器官移植的方式来延续生命、治疗疾病。但是这项最新的医疗技术因为其手段的特殊性也给我们带来了伦理、法律等诸多方面的困扰,因为进行器官移植手术的对象的是人体的器官,而器官供体和需求的不平衡,导致有不法分子通过买卖人体器官来获得非法利益,这种行为严重践踏了人类社会的伦理观,同时也是对法律所保护的人身权益的一种严重的侵犯,带来了极大的社会危害性,破坏了国家的医疗秩序,特别是随着现代社会国际化的加剧,甚至出现了对人体器官的走私行为,这更是对国际秩序的一种挑衅。若任其发展,长此以往,公民合法权益何以保障?国家尊严又何在?值得庆幸的是,目前我国在此领域的立法已经不再是“真空”,我国目前的关于对人体器官移植保护的法律是从《人体器官移植条例》发展而来并在《刑法修正案(八)》1进行相关的规制,但是需要认识到的是,我国在此方面的立法并不完善,依然需要加强法制建设,同时在完善法律规章制度的同时,也应该建立适当的社会机制来保障和促进“人体器官移植”这一新技术的良性发展。非法的人体器官移植行为特别是非法组织买卖人体器官甚至通过走私行为进行人体器官买卖的行为严重地危害了社会的稳定和公民的合法权益,其社会危害性是巨大的,它不仅给受害者造成了严重的人身伤害、经济损失,也给社会的安定团结带来了负面影响。但是,我国的立法在关于人体器官移植方面虽然通过刑事立法的方式确立了一个罪名,但还是有着诸多的不足的,在司法实践中,给犯罪分子带来了许多的可乘之机,使得犯罪分子在一个相对宽松的环境中实施其违法犯罪行为,对我国的社会主义建设存在着巨大的危机,也不利于新的医疗技术的进一步发展,同时与周边邻国,如韩国、日本等国的立法以及其它社会保障方面均存在着一定的差距。本文将从人体器官移植犯罪的相关概念、特征、危害性等方面为引入点,从国内视角、国际视野等方面,对国内外立法情况进行分析,结合世界其他国家和地区的先进立法经验加以探究,详情如下:第一部分为人体器官移植概述,对人体器官移植的含义进行了法律上的界定,并针对人体器官移植引发的社会问题分析了对其进行刑法规制的必要性。第二部分对我国现行刑法中对人体器官移植类犯罪的规定按照一定的逻辑顺序进行了总结和分析,并针对目前的立法现状提出了其存在的一些问题。第三部分对域外的刑事立法进行了简单介绍并提炼出其中可以被我国合理借鉴的一些经验教训。第四部分针对第二部分总结分析出来的立法漏洞给出了一定的处理对策和完善建议。旨在为我国关于人体器官移植犯罪的立法及相关制度的完善提供一点儿浅薄参考。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, human beings can continue to live and treat diseases through organ transplantation. But this latest medical technology, because of the particularity of its means, has also brought us ethical, legal and other problems, because organ transplant surgery is carried out on the human body's organs, and the organ donor and demand are not balanced. As a result, some lawbreakers gain illegal benefits by buying and selling human organs. This behavior seriously tramples on the ethics of human society, and at the same time it is a serious violation of the personal rights and interests protected by the law and brings great social harm. It destroys the national medical order, especially with the intensification of the internationalization of modern society, and even the smuggling of human organs, which is a provocation to the international order. If it is allowed to develop, how can the legitimate rights and interests of citizens be protected in the long run? Where is the dignity of the nation? Fortunately, our legislation in this area is no longer a "vacuum." The current laws on the protection of human organ transplantation in China are developed from the Human Organ Transplant regulations and regulated in Amendment (VIII) > 1 of the Criminal Law. However, what needs to be recognized is, Our country's legislation in this respect is not perfect, we still need to strengthen the legal system construction. At the same time, we should establish appropriate social mechanism to protect and promote the benign development of the new technology of "human organ transplantation". The illegal act of human organ transplantation, especially the act of illegally organizing and buying and selling human organs or even buying and selling human organs through smuggling, seriously endangers the stability of society and the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, and its social harm is enormous. It not only causes serious personal injury and economic loss to the victims, but also has a negative impact on social stability and unity. However, although the legislation of our country has established a crime by way of criminal legislation in respect of human organ transplantation, it still has many shortcomings. In judicial practice, it has brought many opportunities for criminals to take advantage of. Enabling criminals to carry out their illegal and criminal acts in a relatively relaxed environment is a huge crisis to China's socialist construction, and is also not conducive to the further development of new medical technology. At the same time, it is also not conducive to the further development of new medical technology, and at the same time, with its neighboring countries, such as South Korea, There are some gaps in legislation and other social security in Japan and other countries. This paper will introduce the related concepts, characteristics and harmfulness of the crime of human organ transplantation, and analyze the domestic and foreign legislative situation from the domestic perspective and the international perspective. Combined with the advanced legislative experience of other countries and regions in the world, the details are as follows: the first part is an overview of human organ transplantation, which defines the meaning of human organ transplantation in law. It also analyzes the necessity of criminal law regulation to the social problems caused by human organ transplantation. The second part summarizes and analyzes the provisions of human organ transplantation in the current criminal law of our country according to certain logical order, and puts forward some problems in view of the present legislative situation. The third part briefly introduces the foreign criminal legislation and abstracts some experiences and lessons that can be used for reference by our country. The fourth part gives some countermeasures and suggestions for the legislative loopholes summarized and analyzed in the second part. The purpose is to provide a little reference for the legislation and related system of human organ transplantation in our country.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】