周孔教荒政主张与实践研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 13:49

本文选题：周孔教 + 荒政　；参考：《苏州大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：明代中后期,自然灾害频发,为了有效地防治灾害,救济灾民,明代的统治者和有识之士都提出了不少的救灾政策和措施,形成了丰富的荒政思想,涌现了大量的荒政文献。周孔教在继承前代经验的基础上,结合具体实际,进行了一系列的发展与创新,形成了一套独具特色而完备的灾荒救济思想。在防灾备灾方面,他强调未雨绸缪,认识到从根本上解决灾荒问题的关键在于储备粮食,保证粮食的供应,增强百姓的抗灾能力。他主张通过聚敛库积、劝谕富户及稽查积贮等方式,来充盈备荒救灾物资,维持灾民的基本生活。在临灾赈灾方面,周孔教主张选贤任能,实行一定的奖惩措施来激发赈灾官员的积极性;他运用商业思想,利用商品经济的规律来调整市场,稳定物价,保证民生;对于情况各不相同的灾民,周孔教在核查灾民受灾情况的基础上分类实施不同的赈济措施,缓解灾民的燃眉之急。在灾后补救方面,他主张通过以工代赈、严编保甲、审慎狱情、编收壮勇等措施来维护社会安定,并且注重社会风俗的敦化,促进社会的良性发展。周孔教的荒政主张细致而详实,其实践措施丰富而具体,通过对周孔教荒政主张的成因及其救荒措施的初步分析与梳理,可以在一定程度上理清明代荒政的实施与发展情况,也可为当今社会保障与救济事业提供启示与借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, natural disasters occurred frequently. In order to prevent and cure disasters effectively, the rulers of Ming Dynasty and people of insight all put forward a lot of disaster relief policies and measures, formed a rich ideology of famine administration, and a large number of famine documents emerged. On the basis of inheriting the experience of the previous generation, Zhoukongjiao carried out a series of development and innovation in combination with the concrete practice, and formed a set of unique and complete thoughts on relief of famine. In the field of disaster prevention and preparedness, he stressed the importance of preparing ahead of time, recognizing that the key to solving the problem of famine fundamentally lies in the storage of food, ensuring the supply of food, and enhancing the resilience of the people to disasters. He advocated the accumulation of storehouses, the exhortation of wealthy households and inspection and storage to fill up the relief supplies and to maintain the basic life of the victims. In the aspect of disaster relief, Zhou Kongjiao advocated the selection of talents, the implementation of certain measures of reward and punishment to stimulate the enthusiasm of disaster relief officials, the use of commercial ideas, the use of the laws of commodity economy to adjust the market, to stabilize prices, and to ensure the people's livelihood. For the victims with different situations, Zhou Kongjiao carries out different relief measures on the basis of verifying the disaster situation of the disaster victims, so as to alleviate the urgent needs of the victims. In the aspect of post-disaster remediation, he advocated maintaining social stability by means of relief for work, strict compilation and protection, prudent prison conditions, and collection of Zhuang Yong, and paid attention to the Dunization of social customs to promote the benign development of the society. Zhou Kong's proposal of famine politics is detailed and detailed, and its practical measures are rich and concrete. Through the preliminary analysis and combing of the causes of Zhou Kong's proposal for famine administration and its relief measures, the implementation and development of the famine policy in the Ming Dynasty can be clarified to a certain extent. It can also provide enlightenment and reference for social security and relief.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K248

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