当代中国老年人虐待问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 20:16

本文选题：老年人虐待 + 老年人权益　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：最近几年，不论是在新闻报道中，，还是在网络热帖中，经常可以看到不孝子女、儿媳、养老机构工作人员等虐待老年人事件的发生，老年人的晚年生活和尊严无法得到保障。这些虐待老年人行为已经不仅仅是个简单的侵权民事案件，它从侧面反映出我国的养老保障的问题和缺陷，是家庭养老照顾压力和社会竞争的工作压力等矛盾冲突激化的外在表现。虐待老年人是个世界性的社会问题，联合国和世界卫生组织早就将虐待老年人问题作为一个人权问题来进行研究和治理，各国也通过本国立法来保障老年人消除虐待现象。而且老年人虐待问题的形态多种多样：可以是无形的，比如照顾者的谩骂、侮辱；可以是有形的，比如身体侵害、财产侵占，所以在现实中，虐待事件的发生往往出于多种原因并呈现出多种情形混杂的情况。我国在虐待老年人问题上的立法政策等方面战略布局，慢于其他国家欧美和亚洲国家，国家没有有效的措施制度来预防和处理虐待老年人，应对日益严峻的虐待老年人形势。总之，老年人虐待问题不仅仅是个人权利受到侵害的问题，而且是和谐社会中弱势群体保护的问题，还是法律体系的缺陷、社会保障安定乃至国家民族未来的长远问题，具有极其重要的价值。鉴于问题的严重性、复杂性和重要性，笔者在本文中将采用资料分析法、案例分析法和比较综合分析法来研究当代中国虐待老年人问题，主要内容包括概念分类、现实原因分析及虐老防治机制。本文将分为四部分进行论述：文章一开始，笔者通过介绍国家级数据统计，来显示我国老年人虐待问题的现状及其严重性，紧接着就用5个案例来反映问题的复杂性，再通过一些论述来说明问题研究的必要性，进而引出本文的话题。在文章的第一部分，主要是介绍老年人虐待的概念定义及其特点和老年人虐待的不同类型及其内涵表现形式，这样就可以做到约束老年人虐待问题的内涵和外延。在第二部分，主要介绍世界范围内的老年人虐待理论和防治实践的经验。在防治实践部分，重点介绍了对我国虐老防治工作有借鉴和警示作用的五个国家，即美国、澳大利亚、韩国、日本、新加坡。在第三部分，笔者结合国内外的研究以及中国的现实国情，认为老年人虐待发生的原因就是个人因素和外在社会条件互相影响的后果。紧接着，笔者从古今对比和理论的角度，来一一阐释和说明每个影响因素是如何导致虐待老年人行为的发生。在第四部分，笔者基于上述的现实原因分析和认识，提出要建立一套包括国家、社会、家庭参与在内的综合防治机制，也就是从事先预防决策、事中识别干预、事后处理补救的虐待老年人事件的多方反应机制。该机制以预防为主、善后为辅作为原则，以重建孝道、制定法律、加大政策扶持、提高社会保障水平、做好社会监督、创建识别强制报告制度以及公权干预机制、提出救治庇护制度等方法，来实现老年人权益的全方面保护，促使虐老防治工作落到实处，形成良好的社会效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, whether in the news reports or in the network hot posts, it is often seen that the unfilial children, their daughter-in-law, and the staff of the pension institutions have been abused by the elderly, and the old life and dignity of the elderly can not be guaranteed. These abuses are not only a simple tort civil case, but it is from the side. It reflects the problems and defects of the old-age security in China, and it is an external manifestation of the intensification of the conflict between family care pressure and the pressure of social competition.
The abuse of elderly people is a worldwide social problem. The United Nations and the WHO have long been studying and harnessing the problem of elder abuse as a human rights issue. Countries have also passed their own legislation to ensure the elimination of maltreatment by the elderly. And the forms of elder abuse are varied: it can be invisible, such as The abuse and insult of the caretaker can be tangible, such as physical aggression and property encroachment, so in reality, the occurrence of abuses often comes from a variety of reasons and presents a variety of situations. The strategic layout of our country's legislative policy on the problem of elder abuse is slower than the other countries, Europe, America, and the Asian countries. There is a system of effective measures to prevent and deal with the abuse of the elderly and to deal with the increasingly severe situation of ill treatment of the elderly. In a word, the problem of elder abuse is not only the problem of the infringement of individual rights, but also the protection of the vulnerable groups in a harmonious society, the defect of the legal system, the stability of social security and the future of the nation's nation. The long-term problem is of great value.
In view of the seriousness, complexity and importance of the problem, the author will use the method of data analysis, case analysis and comparative comprehensive analysis to study the problem of elder abuse in contemporary China. The main contents include the classification of concepts, the analysis of the actual causes and the mechanism of the prevention and treatment of old people. This article will be divided into four parts:
At the beginning of this article, by introducing national data statistics, the author shows the status and seriousness of the problem of elder abuse in our country. Then, we use 5 cases to reflect the complexity of the problem, and then explain the necessity of the problem through some discussion, and then lead to the topic of this paper.
In the first part of the article, it mainly introduces the definition and characteristics of elder abuse, the different types of elder abuse and its connotative forms, so that the connotation and extension of the problem of elder abuse can be restrained.
In the second part, the author mainly introduces the experience of the theory of elder abuse and the practice of prevention and treatment in the world. In the part of the prevention and control practice, it focuses on five countries, namely, the United States, Australia, Korea, Japan, and new slope, which have a reference and warning role to the prevention and control of old age in China.
In the third part, the author combines the domestic and foreign research as well as the actual conditions of China. The author thinks that the reasons for the abuse of the elderly are the consequences of the mutual influence between the individual and the external social conditions. Then, the author explains and illustrates how each influence factors lead to the abuse of old people from the perspective of ancient and modern contrast and theory. It happened.
In the fourth part, based on the analysis and understanding of the practical reasons mentioned above, the author proposes to establish a comprehensive mechanism of prevention and control including the state, the society and the family participation, which is the multi-party response mechanism that is engaged in the prevention and treatment of the old people after the prevention of decision-making, the identification of intervention in the event and the subsequent treatment of remedies. As a principle, in order to rebuild filial piety, make law, strengthen policy support, improve social security level, do well social supervision, establish a system of identifying compulsory report and public right intervention mechanism, put forward the method of curing asylum to realize all aspects of protection of the rights and interests of the elderly, and promote the prevention and treatment of old people to come true, and form a good social effect. Fruit.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

【参考文献】