农村非缴费型养老保障法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 09:37

本文选题：农村 + 非缴费型　；参考：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前我国农村具有养老保障功能的社会保障制度主要有农村社会养老保险制度、农村最低生活保障制度、农村五保供养制度和农村社区养老模式。①近年来,我国农村社会养老保险制度不断发展,并逐步实现了与城镇养老保险制度的合并,形成了城乡居民社会养老保险制度；农村最低生活保障制度和农村五保供养制度也不断完善和发展,具有农村社会救济功能；农村社区养老模式发展迅速,逐渐形成了以乡镇敬老院为主的机构养老模式。然而,我国目前社会发展进入了转型期,农村养老问题加剧、土地保障功能退化、家庭保障功能弱化和集体保障功能虚化是农村养老保障制度面临的新形势。因此,农村养老保障制度的发展也面临四大困境：社会养老保险制度不符合农民意愿；社会救济制度的社会成本高；社区养老发展混乱；农村各项社会养老保障制度之间的衔接问题突出。为解决我国农村养老保障制度的发展困境,需要建立农村非缴费型养老保障法律制度。建立农村非缴费型养老保障法律制度有利于保障底线公平,实现社会实质公平,从而让农民真正享有社会保障权利。在农村建立非缴费型养老保障法律制度更加符合大多数农民的意愿,可以得到更广大农民的支持。因此建立农村非缴费型养老保障法律制度具有合理性。我国已经建立了以社会保险为主的农村养老保障体系,在农村建立非缴费型养老保障法律制度存在制度基础。改革开放以来,我国经济迅速发展,我国财政已经具备建立农村非缴费型养老保障法律制度的支付能力。因此建立农村非缴费型养老保障法律制度具有可行性。非缴费型养老保障制度包括普惠型和家计调查型两种,②不同的非缴费型养老保障制度类型可以起到扶贫效果和福利效果。参照美国、加拿大和哥斯达黎加的非缴费型养老保障制度的实施经验可以发现非缴费型养老保障制度具有降低贫困率的效果,且在适合本国国情的制度模式下效果更好。而芬兰不断发展的非缴费型养老保障制度的经验在于非缴费型养老保障制度应当随着经济和社会的发展不断改革以实现制度的社会适应性。我国具有与其他国家完全不同的社会背景,建立非缴费型养老保障法律制度应当保证制度的基础性保障作用,防止过度的福利性,同时保证养老保障制度与经济发展水平相适应,实现养老金待遇的弹性化调整。在具体的制度建立方面应通过立法的形式,在建立农村普惠性养老保障法律制度的同时建立特困农民补贴制度。社会养老保险制度和商业养老保险制度应当进一步完善,以实现农村养老保障制度的多层次发展,使非缴费型养老保障法律制度保障农民基本生活,而缴费型养老保障制度保障合理的差别性,从而促进农村社会养老保障法律制度的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:At present, the social security system in rural areas with the function of old-age security mainly includes the rural social old-age insurance system, the rural minimum living security system, the rural five-guarantee system and the rural community old-age model .1 in recent years, China's rural social endowment insurance system has been developing, and gradually realized the merger with the urban old-age insurance system, forming the urban and rural residents of the social endowment insurance system; The rural minimum living security system and the rural five-guarantee support system are also continuously improved and developed with the function of rural social relief; the rural community old-age care model has developed rapidly and gradually formed the institutional old-age care model based on township homes for the aged. However, at present, the social development of our country has entered the transition period, the rural old-age pension problem is aggravated, the function of land security is degraded, the function of family security is weakened and the function of collective security is empty, which is the new situation facing the rural old-age security system. Therefore, the development of rural old-age security system also faces four major difficulties: the social old-age insurance system is not in line with the wishes of farmers, the social relief system has a high social cost, the development of community pension is chaotic; The connection between various social pension security systems in rural areas is prominent. In order to solve the development dilemma of rural old-age security system, it is necessary to establish a rural non-contributory pension security legal system. The establishment of rural non-contributory old-age security legal system is conducive to the protection of the bottom line fairness, the realization of social equity, so that farmers really enjoy the rights of social security. The establishment of a non-contributory endowment security legal system in rural areas is more in line with the wishes of most farmers and can be supported by the majority of farmers. Therefore, the establishment of rural non-payment-based pension security legal system is reasonable. China has established a rural old-age security system, which is based on social insurance, and the legal system of non-contributory old-age security in rural areas is based on the system. Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has developed rapidly, and the finance of our country has already had the ability to pay for the establishment of the legal system of non-contributory old-age security in rural areas. Therefore, it is feasible to establish a non-payment-based endowment security legal system in rural areas. Non-contributory old-age security system includes two different types of non-contributory old-age security system, including inclusive pension system and family survey system. Referring to the implementation experience of the non-contributory old-age security system in the United States, Canada and Costa Rica, it can be found that the non-contributory old-age security system has the effect of reducing the poverty rate, and the effect is better under the system mode suitable for the national conditions of our country. The experience of the non-contributory old-age security system in Finland is that the non-contributory old-age security system should be reformed with the development of economy and society to realize the social adaptability of the system. Our country has completely different social background from other countries. To establish the legal system of non-contributory old-age security, we should guarantee the basic safeguard function of the system and prevent excessive welfare. At the same time, ensure that the old-age security system and the level of economic development in line with the realization of the flexible adjustment of pension treatment. In the aspect of specific system establishment, we should establish the special hardship farmers' subsidy system in the form of legislation, while establishing the legal system of rural universal old-age security. The social old-age insurance system and the commercial old-age insurance system should be further improved in order to realize the multi-level development of the rural old-age security system, so that the legal system of non-contributory old-age security can guarantee the basic life of the peasants. The contributory old-age security system ensures reasonable differentiation, thus promoting the sustainable development of the rural social endowment security legal system.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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