完善我国城乡居民最低生活保障制度中政府职能研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 11:54

【摘要】：我国政府已经分别针对城市和农村的低收入人群实施了社会救助制度,并取得了初步成效,尤其在“缓解城乡贫富差异、促进社会公平、维护社会和谐稳定、保障民生”等方面发挥了显著的作用。然而,随着我国迈入经济发展新常态,以及城乡二元结构的逐步破解和户籍制度的改革,我国城乡居民实施的“分离式”居民最低生活保障制度已经在实施的过程中暴露出了诸多问题,亟待进行改革。因而,在当前不断缩小城乡差异,促进农村经济发展的大背景下,对于我国政府来说,借鉴国际先进的社会救助经验,促进我国城乡居民最低生活保障制度不断完善,具有十分重要的意义。本文在阐述了居民最低生活保障含义和基础理论的基础上,分别对我国城市和农村居民最低生活保障制度的发展历程进行了详细描述,并阐述了实施城乡居民最低生活保障在我国取得的成效,进而分析了当前我国城乡居民最低生活保障制度存在的问题。通过对社会保障实施较为完善和成功的国家进行阐述,并得到了一定的启发和经验的基础上,从政府完善最低生活保障制度的视角,基于“制度建立、制度运行、政府责任”三个层面,探寻了我国政府应分别从“加强贫困家庭收入核算,健全相关监督机制和操作规程”、“调整城乡低保制度框架,兼顾救助对象的多样性和复杂性”、“合理确定低保救助标准,在重视公平的基础上提升效率”、“完善低保管理机构,提高工作人员的专业素质”、“建立稳定的低保资金供给机制,确保低保资金筹集”等几个方面探究了完善我国城乡居民最低生活保障制度的对策建议。
[Abstract]:The Chinese government has implemented a social assistance system for low-income people in urban and rural areas, and has achieved initial results, especially in "alleviating the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas, promoting social equity, and maintaining social harmony and stability." Protection of people's livelihood "and other aspects have played a significant role." However, as China enters the new normal of economic development, the dual structure of urban and rural areas is gradually cracked and the household registration system is reformed. There are many problems in the implementation of the "separate" minimum living security system for urban and rural residents in China, which need to be reformed urgently. Therefore, under the background of narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and promoting the development of rural economy, for our government, we should learn from the international advanced experience of social assistance and promote the improvement of the minimum living security system of urban and rural residents in our country. It is of great significance. On the basis of expounding the meaning and basic theory of the minimum living security of residents, this paper describes in detail the development course of the minimum living security system of urban and rural residents in China. The paper also expounds the effect of implementing the minimum living security system of urban and rural residents in China, and then analyzes the problems existing in the system of minimum living security for urban and rural residents in China. Through the elaboration of the countries where the implementation of social security is relatively perfect and successful, and on the basis of certain inspiration and experience, from the perspective of the government to perfect the minimum living security system, it is based on "the establishment of the system, the operation of the system," From the three aspects of government responsibility, this paper explores that our government should strengthen the income accounting of poor families, improve the relevant supervision mechanism and operation rules, adjust the framework of urban and rural minimum security system, and take into account the diversity and complexity of the relief objects. "to rationally determine the minimum living standard, to improve efficiency on the basis of fairness", "to improve the management of the minimum living standard, to improve the professional quality of the staff", and "to establish a stable mechanism for the provision of funds for the minimum living standard," This paper probes into the countermeasures and suggestions for perfecting the minimum living security system of urban and rural residents in China.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.1;D630

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